National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health,Bethesda, MD,USA.
Department of Psychology,University of Maryland,Baltimore County,Baltimore, MD,USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2019 Oct;31(4):1467-1475. doi: 10.1017/S0954579418001049.
Bullying has been understudied among preschool children, especially those from Chinese American families. Previous research has also neglected the dimensional effects of psychological control on child bullying development. This study examined two psychological control dimensions, love withdrawal and guilt induction, and their effects on children's bullying aggressive behavior using a longitudinal design. Participants were first-generation Chinese American mothers (N = 133; mean age [Mage] = 37.82) and their preschool children (Mage = 4.48). Chinese immigrant mothers reported their psychologically controlling parenting and teachers rated children's bullying aggressive behaviors in the school setting. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to establish the psychometric properties and cross-wave measurement equivalence of the study constructs. Cross-lagged structural equation modeling analysis indicated that maternal love withdrawal prospectively predicted more bullying aggressive behavior, whereas guilt induction predicted less bullying aggressive behavior in children 6 months later. These results held after controlling for the initial level of children's problem behaviors and demographic variables (child age, gender, and maternal education). For child effects, child bullying aggressive behavior predicted more maternal guilt induction over time but not love withdrawal. Our findings highlight the importance of construct specificity and cultural context in understanding associations between parenting and child development.
欺凌在学龄前儿童中研究较少，尤其是美籍华裔家庭的儿童。先前的研究也忽略了心理控制对儿童欺凌发展的维度影响。本研究使用纵向设计，考察了两个心理控制维度，即爱撤回和内疚诱导，及其对儿童攻击性行为的影响。参与者为第一代美籍华裔母亲（N=133；平均年龄[Mage]=37.82 岁）及其学龄前儿童（Mage=4.48 岁）。中国移民母亲报告了其心理控制的养育方式，教师则在学校环境中评估了儿童的欺凌攻击行为。验证性因素分析用于建立研究结构的心理测量特性和跨波测量等效性。交叉滞后结构方程模型分析表明，母亲的爱撤回与儿童 6 个月后更多的欺凌攻击行为呈前瞻性相关，而内疚诱导则与儿童较少的欺凌攻击行为呈前瞻性相关。在控制儿童初始问题行为和人口统计学变量（儿童年龄、性别和母亲教育）后，这些结果仍然成立。对于儿童效应，儿童的欺凌攻击行为随着时间的推移预测出更多的母亲内疚诱导，但不能预测出更多的爱撤回。我们的研究结果强调了在理解教养与儿童发展之间的关联时，结构特异性和文化背景的重要性。
