Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2019 May;92(4):587-598. doi: 10.1007/s00420-018-1395-3. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
In the past 60 years, the prevalences of asthma and allergy among children have increased around the world. Neither genetic nor outdoor environmental factors can explain this increase.
We performed a cross-sectional study of 7366 children in Tianjin, China, on associations of home environment and lifestyles with asthma and allergy.
The prevalences of diagnosed asthma, rhinitis and eczema among 0- to 8-year-old children in the Tianjin area were 4%, 9% and 39%. Home environment and lifestyle, together with infections, were strong risk factors. For asthma and allergy, the population attributable fraction (PAF) due to modern floors and wall coverings (i.e., laminated wooden floors and painted walls compared to tile floors and lime-coated walls) was 22%. Window condensation in winter and air conditioner use in summer, both of which are proxies for less ventilation, accounted for 7-17% of rhinitis and eczema. Cesarean delivery accounted for 10% of eczema symptoms. We developed a modern life index from appropriate home characteristics and lifestyle and food consumption habits and found it to have a clear dose-response relationship with asthma and allergy in Tianjin children.
The results indicate that a "modern" home environment together with a modern lifestyle is associated with increased prevalences of asthma and allergies among children. Appropriate indoor environmental interventions and education of children's caregivers are important in the management of childhood asthma and allergy.
在过去的 60 年中，儿童哮喘和过敏的患病率在世界各地都有所增加。遗传和室外环境因素都不能解释这种增加。
我们在中国天津进行了一项横断面研究，共纳入 7366 名儿童，旨在研究家庭环境和生活方式与哮喘和过敏的关系。
天津地区 0-8 岁儿童中确诊哮喘、鼻炎和湿疹的患病率分别为 4%、9%和 39%。家庭环境和生活方式以及感染是很强的危险因素。对于哮喘和过敏，现代地板和墙壁覆盖物（即层压木地板和油漆墙壁与瓷砖地板和石灰涂层墙壁相比）导致的人群归因分数（PAF）为 22%。冬季窗户结露和夏季使用空调，这两种情况都代表通风不良，占鼻炎和湿疹的 7-17%。剖腹产导致 10%的湿疹症状。我们从适当的家庭特征、生活方式以及饮食消费习惯中制定了一个现代生活指数，发现它与天津儿童哮喘和过敏的发生有明显的剂量反应关系。
这些结果表明，“现代”的家庭环境和生活方式与儿童哮喘和过敏的患病率增加有关。适当的室内环境干预和儿童照顾者的教育在儿童哮喘和过敏的管理中很重要。
