Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Oct;27(5):474-481. doi: 10.1037/pha0000255. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
Impulsivity reflects a pattern of rapid behavioral responses to internal or external cues with little planning or consideration of consequences. Impulsive personality is purported to be a largely stable, trait-based quality, while impulsive choice has been shown to respond to interventions aimed at reducing impulsivity. We sought to evaluate the stability of impulsive personality and examine reductions in impulsivity during short-term residential substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. The temporal stability of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) and discounting rates on a measure of impulsive choice (i.e., Monetary Choice Questionnaire-27 [MCQ-27]) were assessed over a brief 10-day period in a sample of individuals engaged in 14-day residential SUD treatment (N = 28). Although all five UPPS-P scales exhibited adequate to good test-retest reliability (rs > .78), Negative Urgency and (lack of) Premeditation decreased over time with large and moderate effects, respectively. Discounting rates on the MCQ-27 also declined (i.e., reduced impulsivity) during treatment. While impulsive personality is broadly understood to be trait-like and largely resistant to treatment effects, our results add to emerging evidence that two scales on the UPPS-P (i.e., Negative Urgency and [lack of] Premeditation) measure aspects of impulsive personality that respond to treatment. These findings have significant implications for understanding and conceptualizing impulsivity during initial SUD treatment and suggest opportunities for additional interventions targeting aspects of impulsive personality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
冲动反映了一种快速行为反应模式，对内部或外部线索的反应迅速，几乎没有计划或考虑后果。冲动型人格据称是一种基本稳定的、基于特质的特质，而冲动型选择已经被证明对旨在降低冲动性的干预措施有反应。我们试图评估冲动型人格的稳定性，并研究短期住院物质使用障碍（SUD）治疗期间冲动性的降低。在参与 14 天住院 SUD 治疗的个体中（N = 28），在短暂的 10 天内评估了 UPPS-P 冲动行为量表（UPPS-P）和冲动选择度量（即货币选择问卷-27 [MCQ-27]）的折扣率的时间稳定性。尽管所有五个 UPPS-P 量表都表现出足够高的测试重测信度（rs>.78），但负性冲动和（缺乏）前计划在时间上分别减少，具有较大和中等效应。MCQ-27 的折扣率在治疗期间也下降（即，冲动性降低）。虽然冲动型人格通常被理解为特质型，并且对治疗效果有很大的抵抗力，但我们的结果增加了越来越多的证据表明，UPPS-P 上的两个量表（即负性冲动和（缺乏）前计划）衡量的冲动人格的某些方面对治疗有反应。这些发现对理解和概念化初始 SUD 治疗期间的冲动性具有重要意义，并为针对冲动人格方面的额外干预提供了机会。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
