Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital.
Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College.
Psychol Assess. 2019 May;31(5):660-673. doi: 10.1037/pas0000691. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
Previous measures of childhood adversity have enabled the identification of powerful links with later-life wellbeing. The challenge for the next generation of childhood adversity assessment is to better characterize those links through comprehensive, fine-grained measurement strategies. The expanded, retrospective measure of childhood adversity presented here leveraged analytic and theoretical advances to examine multiple domains of childhood adversity at both the microlevel of siblings and the macrolevel of families. Despite the fact that childhood adversity most often occurs in the context of families, there is a dearth of studies that have validated childhood adversity measures on multiple members of the same families. Multilevel psychometric analyses of this childhood adversity measure administered to 1,194 siblings in 500 families indicated that the additional categories of childhood adversity were widely endorsed, and increased understanding of the sources and sequalae of childhood adversity when partitioned into within- and between-family levels. For example, multilevel confirmatory factor analyses (MCFAs) indicated that financial stress, unsafe neighborhood, and parental unemployment were often experienced similarly by siblings in the same families and stemmed primarily from family wide (between-family) sources. On the other hand, being bullied and school stressors were often experienced differently by siblings and derived primarily from individual (within-family) processes. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) further illuminated differential criterion validity correlations between these categories of childhood adversity with midlife psychological, social, and physical health. Expanded, multidomain, and multilevel measures of childhood adversity appear to hold promise for identifying layered causes and consequences of adverse childhood experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
先前对儿童逆境的衡量标准使人们能够确定其与晚年幸福之间的紧密联系。下一代儿童逆境评估的挑战是通过全面、细致的测量策略更好地描述这些联系。本研究中提出的扩展的、回溯性的儿童逆境衡量标准利用了分析和理论上的进步，从兄弟姐妹的微观层面和家庭的宏观层面考察了儿童逆境的多个领域。尽管儿童逆境通常发生在家庭环境中，但很少有研究对同一家庭的多个成员进行儿童逆境测量的验证。对该儿童逆境测量工具在 500 个家庭的 1194 个兄弟姐妹中的应用进行多层次心理测量分析表明，额外的儿童逆境类别得到了广泛认可，并且当将儿童逆境分为家庭内和家庭间水平时，增加了对其来源和后果的理解。例如，多层次验证性因素分析（MCFA）表明，在同一家庭中，兄弟姐妹经常面临类似的经济压力、不安全的邻里环境和父母失业等问题，这些问题主要来自家庭（家庭间）层面。另一方面，被欺凌和学校压力源往往在兄弟姐妹之间经历不同，主要来自个人（家庭内）的过程。多层次结构方程模型（MSEM）进一步说明了这些儿童逆境类别的不同标准有效性与中年心理、社会和身体健康之间的相关性。扩展的、多领域和多层次的儿童逆境衡量标准似乎有望确定不利儿童经历的分层原因和后果。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
