Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Reykjavík University, Menntavegur 1, Nauthólsvík, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Mar;98:61-70. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
Avoidance is generally adaptive, yet excessive rates of avoidance can become maladaptive and lead to functional impairment and psychopathology. Laboratory-based treatment research has provided important insights about the acquisition, maintenance, and extinction of maladaptive avoidance. Despite this, laboratory research on avoidance learning and extinction in humans is relatively underdeveloped. A better understanding of avoidance extinction methods has implications for basic research with humans and the development of treatment interventions aimed at replacing maladaptive behavior with an adaptive, functional repertoire. The present article reviews, for the first time, the use of the term extinction in human research on avoidance, contrasts existing Pavlovian and operant approaches to the extinction of avoidance, considers the validity of approaches to avoidance extinction, and suggests a consistent terminology and research gaps for future translational research on anxiety and related disorders.
回避通常是适应性的，但过度的回避率可能变得适应不良，并导致功能障碍和精神病理学。基于实验室的治疗研究为了解适应性回避的获得、维持和消除提供了重要的见解。尽管如此，人类回避学习和消除的实验室研究相对不发达。更好地了解回避消除方法对于人类基础研究和开发旨在用适应性、功能性技能替代适应不良行为的治疗干预措施具有重要意义。本文首次回顾了人类回避研究中“消除”一词的使用，对比了现有的条件作用和操作性回避消除方法，考虑了回避消除方法的有效性，并为未来焦虑和相关障碍的转化研究提出了一致的术语和研究空白。
