Ortiz-de la Tabla Victoria, Gutiérrez Félix
Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, España.
Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, España.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed). 2019 Dec;37(10):661-667. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2018.12.004. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
Cervicitis is the inflammation of the cervix. It is usually caused by an infectious agent, usually sexually transmitted. Cervicitis is frequently asymptomatic and silent infection can cause complications of the upper genital tract. The symptoms are usually nonspecific, the most significant being an increase in vaginal discharge and/or intermenstrual bleeding. For its diagnosis, there are commercial systems based on molecular techniques that include almost all of the known pathogens associated with cervicitis, although cultures should not be abandoned due to the need to conduct studies of susceptibility to antibiotics. It is recommended to initiate an empirical antibiotic therapy that covers C.trachomatis and N.gonorrhoeae in the case of women at high risk of infection by these pathogens, especially if the follow-up is not assured or adequate diagnostic tests are not available. In women with low risk of sexually transmitted infection, antibiotic therapy should be adjusted to the results of the microbiological results.
宫颈炎是宫颈的炎症。它通常由感染因子引起，通常通过性传播。宫颈炎常常没有症状，而隐匿性感染会导致上生殖道并发症。症状通常不具有特异性，最显著的是白带增多和/或经间期出血。对于其诊断，有基于分子技术的商业系统，这些系统涵盖了几乎所有与宫颈炎相关的已知病原体，不过由于需要进行抗生素敏感性研究，培养法不应被摒弃。对于感染这些病原体风险较高的女性，建议开始经验性抗生素治疗，覆盖沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌，尤其是在无法确保随访或没有足够的诊断检测时。对于性传播感染风险较低的女性，抗生素治疗应根据微生物学检测结果进行调整。
