沉默信息调节因子在干细胞的代谢和表观遗传调控中的作用
Sirtuins in Metabolic and Epigenetic Regulation of Stem Cells.
机构信息
Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work.
Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work.
出版信息
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Mar;30(3):177-188. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.12.002. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
Sirtuins are highly conserved NAD-dependent enzymes that are capable of removing a wide range of lipid lysine acyl-groups from protein substrates in a NAD-dependent manner. These NAD-dependent activities enable sirtuins to monitor cellular energy status and modulate gene transcription, genome stability, and energy metabolism in response to environmental signals. Consequently, sirtuins are important for cell survival, stress resistance, proliferation, and differentiation. In recent years, sirtuins are increasingly recognized as crucial regulators of stem cell biology in addition to their well-known roles in metabolism and aging. This review article highlights our current knowledge on sirtuins in stem cells, including their functions in pluripotent stem cells, embryogenesis, and development as well as their roles in adult stem cell maintenance, regeneration, and aging.
去乙酰化酶是高度保守的 NAD 依赖性酶，能够以 NAD 依赖性的方式从蛋白底物上去除多种脂酰赖氨酸基团。这些 NAD 依赖性的活性使得去乙酰化酶能够监测细胞的能量状态，并响应环境信号调节基因转录、基因组稳定性和能量代谢。因此，去乙酰化酶对于细胞存活、应激抵抗、增殖和分化非常重要。近年来，去乙酰化酶除了在代谢和衰老方面的作用外，作为干细胞生物学的关键调节因子，其作用也得到了越来越多的认可。本文综述了去乙酰化酶在干细胞中的作用，包括其在多能干细胞、胚胎发生和发育中的作用，以及在成体干细胞维持、再生和衰老中的作用。
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