Snijders Clara, Pries Lotta-Katrin, Sgammeglia Noemi, Al Jowf Ghazi, Youssef Nagy A, de Nijs Laurence, Guloksuz Sinan, Rutten Bart P F
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Front Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 14;9:676. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00676. eCollection 2018.
Given the high prevalence of stress-related mental disorders, their impact on person, family, and society and the paucity of treatment options for most of these disorders, there is currently a pressing need for innovative approaches to deal with these issues and enhance well-being. One approach which has received increasing attention over the last decade is to shift our scientific and clinical focus from risk factors for psychopathology to factors promoting resilience and mental well-being. In order to summarize and evaluate the current state of scientific affairs on the biological basis of resilience, we provide an overview of the literature on animal and human studies of resilience. Because resilience can only truly be operationalized through longitudinal data collection and analyses, we focus primarily on longitudinal studies. This review shows that the concept of resilience is currently being operationalized, measured and even defined in widely variable manners, both within animal and human studies. We further provide an overview of existing and new strategies that could help promote resilience and which are proposed to be implemented more often in clinical situations. Finally, we summarize the challenges the field is facing and provide recommendations for future research.
鉴于与压力相关的精神障碍患病率很高，它们对个人、家庭和社会造成影响，并且针对大多数此类障碍的治疗选择匮乏，目前迫切需要创新方法来应对这些问题并增进幸福感。在过去十年中受到越来越多关注的一种方法是，将我们的科学和临床重点从精神病理学的风险因素转向促进复原力和心理健康的因素。为了总结和评估复原力生物学基础方面的科学现状，我们概述了关于复原力的动物和人类研究的文献。由于复原力只能通过纵向数据收集和分析才能真正得以实施，因此我们主要关注纵向研究。这篇综述表明，目前在动物和人类研究中，复原力的概念在操作化、测量甚至定义方面都存在广泛的差异。我们还概述了有助于促进复原力的现有和新策略，这些策略建议在临床环境中更频繁地实施。最后，我们总结了该领域面临的挑战，并为未来研究提供建议。
