Warnick Jennifer L, Pfammatter Angela, Champion Katrina, Galluzzi Tomas, Spring Bonnie
Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Int J Behav Med. 2019 Apr;26(2):165-174. doi: 10.1007/s12529-018-09767-y.
College is a critical developmental time when many emerging adults engage in unhealthy behaviors (i.e., lack of exercise, poor diet, smoking) and consequently experience an increased risk for a decline in cardiovascular health. Understanding the beliefs and opinions of the target population is important to develop effective health promotion interventions. The goal of this study was to understand opinions regarding health and health-related mobile technology of college students at an academically elite Midwestern university in order to inform a mobile health promotion intervention following the integrated behavioral model framework.
Eighteen college students between the ages of 18 and 22 participated in one of four focus groups, where they discussed perceptions of health behaviors, technology use, and their college environment. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis as well as consensus and conformity analysis.
Students reported prioritizing academic success over health and believed in a cultural norm within the university that unhealthy behavioral practices lead to increased academic success. Other identified barriers to achieving good health were (a) low self-efficacy for engaging in healthy behaviors when presented with conflicting academic opportunities and (b) low estimation of the importance of engaging in health behaviors. Regarding mobile health applications (apps), students reported preferring apps that were visually attractive, personalized to each user, and that did not involve competing against other users.
These results have implications for the development of mobile health promotion interventions for college students, as they highlight facilitators and barriers to health behavior change in an academically elite student body.
大学是一个关键的发展阶段，许多刚成年的人会有不健康的行为（如缺乏锻炼、饮食不良、吸烟），因此心血管健康下降的风险增加。了解目标人群的信念和观点对于制定有效的健康促进干预措施很重要。本研究的目的是了解一所位于中西部的学术精英大学的大学生对健康及与健康相关的移动技术的看法，以便在综合行为模型框架下为移动健康促进干预提供信息。
18名年龄在18至22岁之间的大学生参加了四个焦点小组中的一个，在小组中他们讨论了对健康行为、技术使用以及他们的大学环境的看法。使用归纳主题分析以及共识和一致性分析对数据进行了分析。
学生们表示将学业成功置于健康之上，并相信在大学中有这样一种文化规范，即不健康的行为习惯会带来更高的学业成就。其他确定的影响实现良好健康的障碍包括：（a）当面临相互冲突的学术机会时，参与健康行为的自我效能感较低；（b）对参与健康行为的重要性估计不足。关于移动健康应用程序（应用），学生们表示更喜欢视觉上有吸引力、针对每个用户个性化定制且不涉及与其他用户竞争的应用。
这些结果对为大学生开发移动健康促进干预措施具有启示意义，因为它们突出了学术精英学生群体中健康行为改变的促进因素和障碍。
