Finkelstein A V, Razin S V, Spirin A S
Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290 Russia.
Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192 Russia.
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2018 Nov-Dec;52(6):921-934. doi: 10.1134/S0026898418060083.
Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein nanoparticles synthesizing all proteins in living cells. The function of the ribosome is to translate the genetic information encoded in a nucleotide sequence of mRNA into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Each translation step (occurring after the codon-dependent binding of the aminoacyl-tRNA with the ribosome and mRNA) includes (i) the transpeptidation reaction and (ii) the translocation that unidirectionally drives the mRNA chain and mRNA-bound tRNA molecules through the ribosomal intersubunit space; the latter process is driven by the free energy of the chemical reaction of transpeptidation. Thus, the translating ribosome can be considered a conveying protein-synthesizing molecular machine. In this review we analyze the role of ribosomal intersubunit mobility in the process of translocation.
核糖体是在活细胞中合成所有蛋白质的核糖核蛋白纳米颗粒。核糖体的功能是将mRNA核苷酸序列中编码的遗传信息转化为蛋白质的氨基酸序列。每个翻译步骤（发生在氨酰tRNA与核糖体和mRNA的密码子依赖性结合之后）包括（i）转肽反应和（ii）易位，易位单向驱动mRNA链和与mRNA结合的tRNA分子通过核糖体亚基间空间；后一过程由转肽化学反应的自由能驱动。因此，正在翻译的核糖体可被视为一种输送蛋白质合成的分子机器。在本综述中，我们分析了核糖体亚基间移动性在易位过程中的作用。
