University of Regensburg, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2019 Sep 9;58(37):12840-12860. doi: 10.1002/anie.201811821. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
Nanocontainers such as mesoporous silica particles and polymersomes are versatile structures containing holes or pores which are used for the entrapment of small molecules and the introduction of specific functionalities. They are widely applied in drug delivery, biomedicine, bioreactors, and analytical applications. In the last case, nanocontainers usually serve as amplification systems. They are hence synthesized to entrap signaling molecules and to bear functional moieties at the outer surface, which in turn enable specific analyte recognition and control of the nanocontainer pore permeability. This Review outlines the most important nanocontainer materials and discusses their synthesis, surface chemistry modifications, and strategies for molecule entrapment. Their advantages, challenges, and limitations are critically discussed in view of other common signal amplification strategies for different assay formats and various detection methods.
纳米容器，如介孔硅粒子和聚合物囊泡，是具有孔或孔隙的多功能结构，用于包封小分子和引入特定功能。它们广泛应用于药物输送、生物医学、生物反应器和分析应用。在后一种情况下，纳米容器通常用作放大系统。因此，它们被合成以包封信号分子，并在外壳表面承载功能部分，这反过来又能够实现对特定分析物的识别和对纳米容器孔渗透性的控制。本文综述了最重要的纳米容器材料，并讨论了它们的合成、表面化学修饰以及分子包封策略。鉴于其他常见的信号放大策略在不同的分析方法和各种检测方法中的应用，本文还批判性地讨论了它们的优点、挑战和局限性。
