North Carolina State University , Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering , Campus Box 7908 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-7908 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Feb 19;53(4):1766-1775. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04589. Epub 2019 Jan 31.
Solid waste management (SWM) is a key function of local government and is critical to protecting human health and the environment. Development of effective SWM strategies should consider comprehensive SWM process choices and policy implications on system-level cost and environmental performance. This analysis evaluated cost and select environmental implications of SWM policies for Wake County, North Carolina using a life-cycle approach. A county-specific data set and scenarios were developed to evaluate alternatives for residential municipal SWM, which included combinations of a mixed waste material recovery facility (MRF), anaerobic digestion, and waste-to-energy combustion in addition to existing SWM infrastructure (composting, landfilling, single stream recycling). Multiple landfill diversion and budget levels were considered for each scenario. At maximum diversion, the greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation costs ranged from 30 to 900 $/MTCOe; the lower values were when a mixed waste MRF was used, and the higher values when anaerobic digestion was used. Utilization of the mixed waste MRF was sensitive to the efficiency of material separation and operating cost. Maintaining the current separate collection scheme limited the potential for cost and GHG reductions. Municipalities seeking to cost-effectively increase landfill diversion while reducing GHGs should consider waste-to-energy, mixed waste separation, and changes to collection.
固体废物管理（SWM）是地方政府的一项关键职能，对保护人类健康和环境至关重要。制定有效的 SWM 策略应考虑全面的 SWM 流程选择以及对系统级成本和环境绩效的政策影响。本分析采用生命周期方法评估了北卡罗来纳州韦克县的 SWM 政策的成本和选择的环境影响。开发了一个县特定的数据集和情景，以评估住宅市政 SWM 的替代方案，其中包括混合废物材料回收设施（MRF）、厌氧消化以及废物转化为能源燃烧的组合，以及现有的 SWM 基础设施（堆肥、填埋、单流回收）。为每个方案考虑了多个垃圾填埋场转移和预算水平。在最大转移量下，温室气体（GHG）缓解成本范围为 30 至 900 美元/吨二氧化碳当量；当使用混合废物 MRF 时，数值较低，当使用厌氧消化时，数值较高。混合废物 MRF 的利用对材料分离效率和运营成本敏感。维持当前的单独收集方案限制了降低成本和 GHG 的潜力。希望在降低温室气体排放的同时以成本效益的方式增加垃圾填埋场转移的市政当局应考虑废物转化为能源、混合废物分离以及收集方式的改变。
