Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Nebraska Medicine, 981200 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 10;11(1):134. doi: 10.3390/nu11010134.
Lutein + zeaxanthin (L + Z) are carotenoids recognized in eye health, but less is known about their status during pregnancy. While quantified in maternal and umbilical cord blood, they have never been analyzed in placenta. The purpose of this study is to quantify combined L + Z concentrations in human placenta and correlate with levels in maternal dietary intake, maternal serum, and umbilical cord blood. The proportions of combined L + Z were compared within diet, placenta, maternal serum, and umbilical cord blood among additional carotenoids (lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene). This Institutional Review Boardapproved cross-sectional study enrolled 82 mother-infant pairs. Placenta, maternal serum, and umbilical cord blood samples were analyzed for carotenoids concentrations. Mothers completed a food frequency questionnaire and demographic/birth outcome data were collected. L + Z were present in placenta, median 0.105 micrograms/gram (mcg/g) and were significantly correlated with maternal serum ( = 0.57; < 0.001), umbilical cord blood levels ( = 0.49; = 0.001), but not dietary intake ( = 0.110). L + Z were the most prevalent in placenta (49.1%) umbilical cord blood (37.0%), but not maternal serum (18.6%) or dietary intake (19.4%). Rate of transfer was 16.0%, the highest of all carotenoids. Conclusively, L + Z were identified as the two most prevalent in placenta. Results highlight unique roles L + Z may play during pregnancy.
叶黄素+玉米黄质（L+Z）是公认的对眼睛健康有益的类胡萝卜素，但关于它们在怀孕期间的状况知之甚少。虽然它们已经在母体和脐带血中被定量，但从未在胎盘组织中进行过分析。本研究的目的是定量分析人胎盘组织中 L+Z 的浓度，并与母体饮食摄入、母体血清和脐带血中的水平进行相关性分析。在饮食、胎盘、母体血清和脐带血中，对 L+Z 的联合浓度与其他类胡萝卜素（番茄红素、β-隐黄质、α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素）的比例进行了比较。这项经过机构审查委员会批准的横断面研究共纳入了 82 对母婴。对胎盘、母体血清和脐带血样本进行了类胡萝卜素浓度分析。母亲完成了一份食物频率问卷，并收集了人口统计学/出生结局数据。L+Z 存在于胎盘组织中，中位数为 0.105 微克/克（mcg/g），与母体血清（ = 0.57； < 0.001）和脐带血水平（ = 0.49； = 0.001）显著相关，但与饮食摄入无关（ = 0.110）。L+Z 在胎盘（49.1%）、脐带血（37.0%）中的含量最为丰富，但在母体血清（18.6%）和饮食摄入（19.4%）中含量较低。转移率为 16.0%，是所有类胡萝卜素中最高的。总之，L+Z 是胎盘组织中含量最丰富的两种类胡萝卜素。研究结果突出了 L+Z 在怀孕期间可能发挥的独特作用。
