Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Fântânele Street, No. 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Fântânele Street, No. 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Apr 10;660:660-676. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.428. Epub 2019 Jan 3.
The increasing contamination of fresh water resources by trace metals and persistent organic pollutants is a major environmental concern. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, the distribution, sources and ecological risk of trace metals and organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), in surface sediments from a Southeastern European river (Someşu Mic River, Romania). Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn ranged from 0.04 to 0.4, 9.4 to 43.15, 7.2 to 65.6, 12.3 to 131.4, 14.7 to 47.7 and 42.1 to 236.8 mg kg dw, respectively. Concentrations of total PAHs, PCBs and OCPs ranged from 24.8 to 575.6, 2.7 to 252.7 and 2.1 to 44.3 ng g dw, respectively. Some sediment parameters, i.e., pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and total organic matter (OM) contents, played a significant role in the spatial distribution of contaminants. A combined analysis based on diagnostic ratios and multivariate analyses revealed PAHs originating mainly from pyrolytic sources. PCB compositions showed distinct contamination signatures for tri- to tetra-chlorinated PCBs, characteristic of contamination by Aroclor-1016 and -1254 technical mixtures. The dominant OCP congeners were α-HCH and p,p'-DDD, reflecting past use of technical HCHs and DDTs in agricultural practices. Metal source and pollution status was assessed using geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor, which indicate widespread pollution by Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni and Cu. The use of Sediments Quality Guidelines (SQGs), mean effect range-median quotient (m-ERM-Q) and toxic equivalent factor (TEF) indicated that the highest ecological risks occurred for PCBs and DDTs. This work presents not only initial baseline information on the extent of organic and inorganic contaminations in a river of ecological and economical interest, but also provides a diagnostic ratio/statistical combined approach that can be used to evaluate sediment quality in similar environments.
痕量金属和持久性有机污染物对淡水资源的污染日益严重，这是一个主要的环境问题。在本研究中，我们首次调查了东南欧河流（罗马尼亚 Someşu Mic 河）表层沉积物中痕量金属和有机污染物（包括多环芳烃 (PAHs)、多氯联苯 (PCBs) 和有机氯农药 (OCPs)) 的分布、来源和生态风险。Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni 和 Zn 的浓度范围分别为 0.04-0.4、9.4-43.15、7.2-65.6、12.3-131.4、14.7-47.7 和 42.1-236.8 mg kg dw。总多环芳烃、总 PCBs 和总 OCPs 的浓度范围分别为 24.8-575.6、2.7-252.7 和 2.1-44.3 ng g dw。一些沉积物参数，如 pH 值、总有机碳 (TOC) 和总有机物质 (OM) 含量，对污染物的空间分布有显著影响。基于诊断比值和多元分析的综合分析表明，PAHs 主要来源于热解源。PCBs 组成显示出三氯至四氯 PCBs 的明显污染特征，这是 Aroclor-1016 和-1254 技术混合物污染的特征。主要的 OCP 同系物为α-HCH 和 p,p'-DDD，反映了过去在农业实践中使用了技术 HCHs 和 DDTs。使用地质累积指数和富集因子评估金属源和污染状况，表明 Pb、Cd、Zn、Ni 和 Cu 广泛受到污染。使用沉积物质量准则 (SQGs)、平均效应范围-中值商 (m-ERM-Q) 和毒性等效因子 (TEF) 表明，PCBs 和 DDTs 的生态风险最高。这项工作不仅提供了一条具有生态和经济利益的河流中有机和无机污染物程度的初步基线信息，而且还提供了一种可以用于评估类似环境中沉积物质量的诊断比值/统计综合方法。
