Hossain Md Muzammel, Jahan Iffat, Dar Mudasir A, Dhanavade Maruti J, Mamtaz Al Fattah Bin, Maxwell Stephen J, Han Song, Zhu Daochen
Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
Toxics. 2024 Dec 31;13(1):26. doi: 10.3390/toxics13010026.
There is concern over potential toxic elements (PTEs) impacting river ecosystems due to human and industrial activities. The river's water, sediment, and aquatic life are all severely affected by the release of chemical and urban waste. PTE concentrations in sediment, water, and aquatic species from river ecosystems are reported in this review. Among the PTEs, chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) revealed high pollution levels in water and aquatic species (fish and shellfish) at many rivers. The Karnaphuli, Ganga, and Lee rivers have high levels of Pb and Cd contamination, while the Buriganga and Korotoa rivers' water had notable Ni contamination. A number of rivers with PTEs showed ecological risk as a consequence of the sediment's potential ecological risk (PER), the pollutant load index (PLI), and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo). A comprehensive study suggests elevated PLI values in river sediments, indicating significant pollution levels, particularly in the Buriganga River sediment, marked by high Igeo values. The PER of the Shitalakshya and Buriganga rivers was marked as very high risk, with an E > 320, while the Dhaleshwari and Khiru rivers showed 'high risk', with 160 = E < 320. It was found that fish and shellfish from the Buriganga, Turag, and Swat rivers have a high concentration of Cr. PTE pollution across several river sites could pose health toxicity risks to humans through the consumption of aquatic species. The CR value shows the carcinogenic risk to human health from eating fish and shellfish, whereas an HI value > 1 suggests no carcinogenic risk. The occurrence of other PTEs, including manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), and nickel (Ni), significantly increases the ecological risk and concerns to aquatic life and human health. This study emphasises the importance of PTE toxicity risk and continuous monitoring for the sustainability of river ecosystems.
由于人类和工业活动，人们担心潜在有毒元素（PTEs）会影响河流生态系统。河流的水、沉积物和水生生物都受到化学和城市废物排放的严重影响。本综述报告了河流生态系统中沉积物、水和水生物种中的PTE浓度。在PTEs中，铬（Cr）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）和镍（Ni）在许多河流的水和水生物种（鱼类和贝类）中显示出高污染水平。卡尔纳普利河、恒河和利河的铅和镉污染水平较高，而布里甘加河和科罗托阿河的水中镍污染显著。许多含有PTEs的河流由于沉积物的潜在生态风险（PER）、污染物负荷指数（PLI）和地积累指数（Igeo）而显示出生态风险。一项综合研究表明，河流沉积物中的PLI值升高，表明污染水平显著，特别是在布里甘加河沉积物中，其Igeo值较高。希塔拉克斯亚河和布里甘加河的PER被标记为非常高风险，E>320，而达莱什瓦里河和基鲁河显示“高风险”，160 = E < 320。研究发现，布里甘加河、图拉格河和斯瓦特河的鱼类和贝类中铬的浓度很高。多个河流站点的PTE污染可能通过食用水生物种对人类构成健康毒性风险。CR值显示食用鱼类和贝类对人类健康的致癌风险，而HI值>1表明没有致癌风险。包括锰（Mn）、砷（As）和镍（Ni）在内的其他PTEs的出现显著增加了生态风险以及对水生生物和人类健康的担忧。本研究强调了PTE毒性风险的重要性以及对河流生态系统可持续性进行持续监测的重要性。
