Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 13;11(1):159. doi: 10.3390/nu11010159.
The accurate assessment of food consumption is crucial in nutritional studies. Since modern nutrition science has become more interested in diet as a whole, studies validating food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and exploratory dietary patterns are needed. We aimed at examining the relative validity of a 47-item FFQ against three-day food records among three- to six-year-old Finnish children, as well as investigating the consistency of the dietary patterns derived using the principal component analysis (PCA), with food record and FFQ data as inputs. We conducted the PCA without forcing the food record data to match the FFQ items. Altogether, 75% or more of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quarter of vegetables and fruits as well as sugary food consumption. Furthermore, the intake of folate and vitamin C increased linearly in the quarters of vegetable and fruit consumption, as did the intake of sucrose in quarters of sugary food consumption. Three fairly similar dietary patterns were identified from food records and FFQ data. Concerning the patterns, more than 70% of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quarter. However, the Spearman correlation coefficients between the respective pattern scores were low (0.25⁻0.33). The FFQ showed acceptable validity when ranking food group consumption compared to food records. Additionally, the FFQ-derived dietary patterns were consistent with those derived using food record data.
食物摄入量的准确评估在营养研究中至关重要。由于现代营养科学对饮食作为一个整体的兴趣越来越大，因此需要验证食物频率问卷（FFQ）和探索性饮食模式的研究。我们旨在检验针对三至六岁芬兰儿童的 47 项食物频率问卷与三天食物记录之间的相对有效性，同时还研究使用主成分分析（PCA）从食物记录和 FFQ 数据中得出的饮食模式的一致性。我们进行 PCA 时没有强制将食物记录数据与 FFQ 项目匹配。总体而言，有 75%或更多的参与者被归入蔬菜和水果以及含糖食物消费的相同或相邻的四分位数。此外，蔬菜和水果消费的四分位数中，叶酸和维生素 C 的摄入量呈线性增加，而含糖食物消费的四分位数中，蔗糖的摄入量也呈线性增加。从食物记录和 FFQ 数据中确定了三种相当相似的饮食模式。就这些模式而言，有 70%以上的参与者被归入相同或相邻的四分位数。然而，各模式得分之间的斯皮尔曼相关系数较低（0.25-0.33）。与食物记录相比，FFQ 在对食物组消费进行排名时具有可接受的有效性。此外，FFQ 衍生的饮食模式与使用食物记录数据得出的饮食模式一致。
