Abdollahi Anna M, Merikanto Ilona, Vepsäläinen Henna, Li Xinyue, Tilli Emmi, Peltonen Henna, Tillman Ilse, Ray Carola, Björkqvist Josefine, Roos Eva, Lehto Reetta, Erkkola Maijaliisa
Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2025 May;49(5):793-800. doi: 10.1038/s41366-024-01702-4. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Circadian health plays an important role in overall well-being. The objective of this study was to examine whether potential indicators of circadian disruption, such as exhibiting a later chronotype or greater social jetlag, in preschool-age could predict dietary habits or BMI z-scores in an eight-year follow-up.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Our data included 210 children who participated in the DAGIS Survey in 2015-2016 (baseline, mean [SD] age: 4.69 [0.89] years) and DAGIS Next in 2023 (follow-up, age: 12.03 [0.90] years). Chronotype and social jetlag were calculated from baseline sleep measures assessed from 7-day actigraphy. Diet was assessed at follow-up with a Food Frequency Questionnaire, which evaluated the weekly consumption frequency of (1) fruits and vegetables and (2) sugary foods and drinks. BMI z-score based on Finnish growth references was calculated from height and weight measures from baseline and follow-up. Associations were analyzed with linear regression models.
Follow-up BMI z-score was predicted by both preschool-aged chronotype (β-est: 0.22 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.42] p = 0.03) and social jetlag (β-est: 0.33 [95% CI: 0.02, 0.65], p = 0.04) after covariate adjustment. No associations were observed between preschool-aged chronotype or social jetlag and preadolescent fruit and vegetable or sugary food and drink consumption.
Having a later chronotype and greater social jetlag during preschool age predicted a higher preadolescent weight outcome. Obesity prevention initiatives should include efforts to reduce the risk of circadian disruption among young children, by accounting for chronotype and aiming to reduce social jetlag in interventions.
背景/目的：昼夜节律健康对整体幸福感起着重要作用。本研究的目的是调查学龄前儿童昼夜节律紊乱的潜在指标，如表现出较晚的昼夜类型或较大的社会时差，是否能在八年随访中预测饮食习惯或BMI z评分。
受试者/方法：我们的数据包括210名儿童，他们在2015 - 2016年参与了DAGIS调查（基线，平均[标准差]年龄：4.69[0.89]岁），并于2023年参与了DAGIS Next调查（随访，年龄：12.03[0.90]岁）。昼夜类型和社会时差是根据7天活动记录仪评估的基线睡眠测量值计算得出的。随访时通过食物频率问卷评估饮食情况，该问卷评估了（1）水果和蔬菜以及（2）含糖食品和饮料的每周消费频率。根据芬兰生长参考标准，从基线和随访时的身高和体重测量值计算BMI z评分。使用线性回归模型分析相关性。
在校正协变量后，学龄前昼夜类型（β估计值：0.22[95%置信区间：0.01，0.42]，p = 0.03）和社会时差（β估计值：0.33[95%置信区间：0.02，0.65]，p = 0.04）均可预测随访时的BMI z评分。未观察到学龄前昼夜类型或社会时差与青春期前水果和蔬菜或含糖食品和饮料消费之间存在相关性。
学龄前昼夜类型较晚和社会时差较大可预测青春期前较高的体重结果。肥胖预防倡议应包括努力降低幼儿昼夜节律紊乱的风险，通过考虑昼夜类型并旨在减少干预措施中的社会时差。
