World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 13;11(1):160. doi: 10.3390/nu11010160.
Excess salt and inadequate potassium intakes are associated with high cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Montenegro, CVD is the leading cause of death and disability. There is no survey that has directly measured salt and potassium consumption in Montenegro. The aim is to estimate population salt and potassium intakes and explore knowledge, attitudes and behaviour (KAB), amongst the adult population of Podgorica. Random samples of adults were obtained from primary care centres. Participants attended a screening including demographic, anthropometric and physical measurements. Dietary salt and potassium intakes were assessed by 24 h urinary sodium (UNa) and potassium (UK) excretions. Creatinine was measured. KAB was collected by questionnaire. Six hundred and thirty-nine (285 men, 25⁻65 years) were included in the analysis (response rate 63%). Mean UNa was 186.5 (SD 90.3) mmoL/day, equivalent to 11.6 g of salt/day and potassium excretion 62.5 (26.2) mmoL/day, equivalent to 3.2 g/day. Only 7% of them had a salt intake below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended target of 5 g/day and 13% ate enough potassium (>90 mmoL/day). The majority (86%) knew that high salt causes ill-health. However, only 44% thought it would be useful to reduce consumption. Salt consumption is high and potassium consumption is low, in men and women living in Podgorica.
过量的盐和不足的钾摄入与心血管疾病 (CVD) 高发有关。在黑山，CVD 是导致死亡和残疾的主要原因。目前还没有直接测量黑山居民盐和钾摄入量的调查。目的是估计波德戈里察成年人的人群盐和钾摄入量，并探讨其知识、态度和行为 (KAB)。从初级保健中心获得成年人的随机样本。参与者参加了包括人口统计学、人体测量和身体测量的筛选。通过 24 小时尿液钠 (UNa) 和钾 (UK) 排泄来评估饮食中的盐和钾摄入量。测量肌酐。通过问卷收集 KAB。639 人（285 名男性，25-65 岁）被纳入分析（应答率为 63%）。平均 UNa 为 186.5（SD 90.3）mmol/天，相当于每天 11.6 克盐，钾排泄量为 62.5（26.2）mmol/天，相当于每天 3.2 克。只有 7%的人盐摄入量低于世界卫生组织 (WHO) 推荐的 5 克/天的目标，13%的人摄入足够的钾 (>90 mmol/天)。大多数人（86%）知道高盐会导致健康不良。然而，只有 44%的人认为减少盐的摄入量会有所帮助。在波德戈里察生活的男性和女性中，盐的摄入量较高，而钾的摄入量较低。
