Lipiec Agnieszka, Rapiejko Piotr, Furmańczyk Konrad, Jurkiewicz Dariusz
Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Otolaryngology with Division of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Warsawa, Poland; Allergen Research Center, Warsaw, Poland.
Otolaryngol Pol. 2018 Sep 10;72(6):44-53. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.4664.
Allergic rhinitis concerns nearly 25% of the Polish population. Among pollen allergens, the most common reasons for allergic rhinitis are: grass, birch and mugwort. Knowledge of the characteristics of pollen seasons is necessary in diagnostics, monitoring of therapy and prevention of allergic rhinitis. P urpose: This work aims to analyze pollen seasons of the most allergenic plants in the Polish population; grass, birch and mugwort in the years 2003-2017 in Warsaw. M aterial and methods: Measurements of pollen concentration were carried out using Burkard volumetric spore trap operating in continuous mode. Analysis of pollen seasons was conducted based on the following characteristics: beginning, end, and length of season, the seasonal pollen index (SPI), defined as the sum of average daily pollen concentrations over the year, maximum daily concentration, number of days with maximum and threshold concentration. Linear regression together with the Pearson correlation coefficient were used in statistical analysis to study the relationship between variables; furthermore, descriptive characteristics of distributions studied were determined. R esults: The average beginning of the birch pollen season in the analyzed period is April 10th, and it belongs to seasons of average length (47 days on average). Birch pollen count above 75 grains/m3, when most allergic people develop symptoms, was recorded for an average of 18 days. The highest daily birch pollen count reaching 6321 grains/m3 (2012) exceeded the lowest value of the maximum concentration by almost 20 times (2015). Among the taxa analyzed, the highest values of daily counts and annual sums were recorded for birch pollen. The average date for the beginning of grass pollination season is on May 13th. It is the longest pollen season (on average 134 days), and the period when concentration exceeded 50 grains/m3 covered an average of 26 days. The highest daily grass pollen counts reaching 496 grains/m3 (2007) exceeded the lowest value of maximum concentration by 3.5 times (2016). The average date of the beginning of mugwort pollen season is July 16th. The season lasts 65 days on average, when concentration exceeding 30 grains /m3 was registered for an average of 12 days. The highest daily mugwort pollen count reaching 154 grains/m3 (2007) exceeded the lowest value of maximum concentration by 4 times (2013). For all analyzed taxa, the strongest correlated variables are the sum of average daily pollen concentrations over the year (SPI ) and daily maximum concentration (correlation for birch pollen = 0.92, for grass pollen = 0.88, and for mugwort pollen = 0.91).
Periods of pollen in the air show certain variation in the analyzed 15-year period. The maximum concentration in the pollen season for the analyzed taxa and the the sum of average daily pollen concentrations over the year show the highest variability, particularly strongly expressed in the case of birch pollen. There is a linear relationship between the sum of average daily pollen concentrations over the year and the maximum concentration value as well as the number of days with the threshold concentration for all analyzed taxa. Variability of parameters describing the dynamics of pollen seasons indicates the need to monitor, both by patients with hay fever and physicians, the current information on the concentration of pollen in the air during the pollen season.
变应性鼻炎困扰着近25%的波兰人口。在花粉过敏原中，引起变应性鼻炎最常见的原因是：禾本科植物、桦树和艾蒿。了解花粉季节的特征对于变应性鼻炎的诊断、治疗监测和预防至关重要。
本研究旨在分析2003 - 2017年期间华沙地区波兰人群中最具致敏性的植物——禾本科植物、桦树和艾蒿的花粉季节。
使用以连续模式运行的伯卡德容积式孢子捕捉器进行花粉浓度测量。基于以下特征对花粉季节进行分析：开始时间、结束时间、季节长度、季节花粉指数（SPI），SPI定义为一年中平均每日花粉浓度之和、每日最大浓度、出现最大浓度和阈值浓度的天数。在统计分析中使用线性回归和皮尔逊相关系数来研究变量之间的关系；此外，还确定了所研究分布的描述性特征。
在分析期内，桦树花粉季节的平均开始时间为4月10日，属于平均长度的季节（平均47天）。桦树花粉计数超过75粒/立方米（大多数过敏者出现症状的水平）的天数平均为18天。桦树花粉每日最高计数达到6321粒/立方米（2012年），比最大浓度的最低值（2015年）高出近20倍。在所分析的分类群中，桦树花粉的每日计数和年度总和的最高值被记录到。禾本科植物授粉季节的平均开始日期为5月13日。它是最长的花粉季节（平均134天），浓度超过50粒/立方米的时期平均为26天。禾本科植物花粉每日最高计数达到496粒/立方米（2007年），比最大浓度的最低值（2016年）高出3.5倍。艾蒿花粉季节的平均开始日期为7月16日。该季节平均持续65天，浓度超过30粒/立方米的天数平均为12天。艾蒿花粉每日最高计数达到154粒/立方米（2007年），比最大浓度的最低值（2013年）高出4倍。对于所有分析的分类群，最强的相关变量是一年中平均每日花粉浓度之和（SPI）和每日最大浓度（桦树花粉的相关性 = 0.92，禾本科植物花粉的相关性 = 0.88，艾蒿花粉的相关性 = 0.91）。
在分析的1十五年期间，空气中花粉的时期呈现出一定的变化。所分析分类群的花粉季节中的最大浓度以及一年中平均每日花粉浓度之和显示出最高的变异性，在桦树花粉的情况下表现尤为强烈。对于所有分析的分类群，一年中平均每日花粉浓度之和与最大浓度值以及阈值浓度天数之间存在线性关系。描述花粉季节动态的参数的变异性表明，花粉热患者和医生都需要监测花粉季节期间空气中花粉浓度的当前信息。
