Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
Samsung Particulate Matter Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 15;834:155300. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155300. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
With a continuously increasing human population is an increasing global demand for food. People in countries with a higher socioeconomic status tend to switch their preferences from grains to meat and high-value foods. Their preference for chicken as a source of protein has grown by 70% over the last three decades. Many studies have shown the role of feed in regulating the animal gut microbiome and its impact on host health. The microbiome absorbs nutrients, digests foods, induces a mucosal immune response, maintains homeostasis, and regulates bioactive metabolites. These metabolic activities are influenced by the microbiota and diet. An imbalance in microbiota affects host physiology and progressively causes disorders and diseases. With the use of antibiotics, a shift from dysbiosis with a higher density of pathogens to homeostasis can occur. However, the progressive use of higher doses of antibiotics proved harmful and resulted in the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbes. As a result, the use of antibiotics as feed additives has been banned. Researchers, regulatory authorities, and managers in the poultry industry have assessed the challenges associated with these restrictions. Research has sought to identify alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters for poultry that do not have any adverse effects. Modulating the host intestinal microbiome by regulating dietary factors is much easier than manipulating host genetics. Research efforts have led to the identification of feed additives, including bacteriocins, immunostimulants, organic acids, phytogenics, prebiotics, probiotics, phytoncides, and bacteriophages. In contrast to focusing on one or more of these alternative bioadditives, an improved feed conversion ratio with enhanced poultry products is possible by employing a combination of feed additives. This article may be helpful in future research towards developing a sustainable poultry industry through the use of the proposed alternatives.
随着人口的持续增长，全球对粮食的需求也在不断增加。在社会经济地位较高的国家，人们的饮食偏好逐渐从谷物转向肉类和高价值食品。在过去的三十年中，人们对鸡肉作为蛋白质来源的偏好增加了 70%。许多研究表明，饲料在调节动物肠道微生物群及其对宿主健康的影响方面起着重要作用。微生物群吸收营养物质、消化食物、诱导黏膜免疫反应、维持体内平衡并调节生物活性代谢物。这些代谢活动受到微生物群和饮食的影响。微生物群的失衡会影响宿主的生理机能，并逐渐导致各种失调和疾病。使用抗生素可以使微生物群从失调状态（病原体密度较高）转变为平衡状态。然而，抗生素剂量的逐渐增加被证明是有害的，并导致了多药耐药微生物的出现。因此，抗生素作为饲料添加剂的使用已被禁止。研究人员、监管机构和家禽业管理人员评估了这些限制带来的挑战。研究旨在寻找对家禽没有任何不良影响的抗生素生长促进剂替代品。通过调节饮食因素来调节宿主肠道微生物群比操纵宿主遗传更容易。研究工作已经确定了一些饲料添加剂，包括细菌素、免疫刺激剂、有机酸、植物提取物、益生元、益生菌、植物杀菌素和噬菌体。与专注于一种或多种替代生物添加剂不同，通过组合使用饲料添加剂，可以提高家禽产品的饲料转化率。本文可能有助于未来的研究，通过使用所提出的替代品来开发可持续的家禽业。
