Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Acoustics/Noise Control, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jan 16;16(2):249. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16020249.
Housing complex residents in urban areas are not only confronted with typical noise sources, but also everyday life sounds, e.g., in the yards. Therefore, they might benefit from the increasing interest in soundscape design and acoustic comfort improvement. Three laboratory experiments (with repeated-measures complete block designs) are reported here, in which effects of several variables on short-term acoustic comfort were investigated. A virtual reference inner yard in the ODEON software environment was systematically modified by absorbers on building facades, whereby single-channel recordings were spatialized for a 2D playback in laboratory. Facade absorption was found, generally, to increase acoustic comfort. Too much absorption, however, was not found to be helpful. In the absence of any absorbers on the facade, absorbing balcony ceilings tended to improve acoustic comfort, however, non-significantly. Pleasant and unpleasant sounds were associated with comfort and discomfort, accordingly. This should encourage architects and acousticians to create comfortable inner yard sound environments, where pleasant and unpleasant sound occurrence probabilities are designed to be high and low, respectively. Furthermore, significant differences were observed between acoustic comfort at distinct observer positions, which could be exploited when designing inner yards.
城市住宅区的居民不仅面临着典型的噪声源，还有日常生活中的声音，例如院子里的声音。因此，他们可能会受益于人们对声景设计和声学舒适度改善的日益关注。本文报告了三个实验室实验（采用重复测量完全块设计），研究了几个变量对短期声学舒适度的影响。在 ODEON 软件环境中，通过在建筑物立面上安装吸声器来系统地修改虚拟参考内部庭院，从而对单声道录音进行空间化处理，以便在实验室中进行 2D 播放。研究发现，立面吸声通常会提高声学舒适度。然而，过多的吸声并没有帮助。在没有任何吸声材料的情况下，吸收式阳台天花板往往会提高声学舒适度，但没有显著效果。令人愉快和不愉快的声音分别与舒适和不适相关。这应该鼓励建筑师和声学设计师创造舒适的内部庭院声环境，在这种环境中，愉快和不愉快的声音发生的概率分别被设计为高和低。此外，在不同的观察者位置观察到了声学舒适度的显著差异，这在设计内部庭院时可以加以利用。
