Taghipour Armin, Athari Sahand, Gisladottir Arnthrudur, Sievers Tessa, Eggenschwiler Kurt
Laboratory for Acoustics/Noise Control, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Front Psychol. 2020 Mar 4;11:344. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00344. eCollection 2020.
Room acoustical parameters have frequently been used to evaluate or predict the acoustical performance in rooms. For housing complexes in urban areas with high population density, it is important to improve acoustic performance not solely indoors, but outdoors as well; for example on the balconies or in the yards. This paper investigates to what extent classic room acoustical parameters would be able to predict the perceived acoustic comfort in outdoor spaces (i.e., courtyards) of virtual housing complexes. Individual and combined effects of a series of independent variables (such as facade absorption, sound source, and observer position) on short-term acoustic comfort were investigated in three laboratory experiments. ODEON software was used for virtual inner yard simulation, whereby 2D spatialization was carried out for a playback over five loudspeakers. Moderate facade absorption was found to increase acoustic comfort. Relatively pleasant and relatively unpleasant sounds were associated with comfort and discomfort, respectively. Lower acoustic comfort ratings were observed at receiver positions with high sound pressure levels and/or strong flutter echoes. A further analysis of the results is carried out here with respect to the room acoustical parameters and their ability to predict the acoustic comfort ratings. Speech transmission index (STI), definition (D50), clarity of speech (C50) and music (C80), early decay time (EDT), and lateral energy fraction (LF80) were found to be significantly correlated with acoustic comfort. They were found to be significant predictors of acoustic comfort in a series of linear mixed-effect models. Furthermore, linear mixed-effect models were established with the A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level, LAeq, as a significant predictor of acoustic comfort.
室内声学参数经常被用于评估或预测室内的声学性能。对于人口密度高的城市地区的住宅小区而言，不仅改善室内声学性能很重要，改善室外声学性能也同样重要；例如在阳台或院子里。本文研究了经典的室内声学参数在多大程度上能够预测虚拟住宅小区室外空间（即庭院）中感知到的声学舒适度。在三个实验室实验中，研究了一系列自变量（如立面吸声、声源和观察者位置）对短期声学舒适度的单独和综合影响。使用ODEON软件进行虚拟内院模拟，通过五个扬声器进行二维空间回放。发现适度的立面吸声可提高声学舒适度。相对愉悦和相对不愉悦的声音分别与舒适和不舒适相关。在声压级高和/或有强烈颤动回声的接收位置观察到较低的声学舒适度评级。本文在此针对室内声学参数及其预测声学舒适度评级的能力对结果进行了进一步分析。发现语音传输指数（STI）、清晰度（D50）、语音清晰度（C50）和音乐清晰度（C80）、早期衰变时间（EDT）以及侧向能量分数（LF80）与声学舒适度显著相关。在一系列线性混合效应模型中，它们被发现是声学舒适度的重要预测指标。此外，还建立了以A加权等效连续声级LAeq作为声学舒适度重要预测指标的线性混合效应模型。
