Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Division of General Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Infection. 2019 Oct;47(5):683-695. doi: 10.1007/s15010-019-01269-7. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
Tularemia, a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, can cause a broad spectrum of disease in humans including six major clinical presentations: the ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, typhoidal and pneumonic form. The epidemiology and ecology and thus transmission of tularemia are complex, depending on conditions unique to specific locations.
Thirteen cases with different forms of the disease and one very rare case of a myocarditis are reported, discussed, and reviewed within the scope of current literature.
Tularemia is a rare, but emerging disease in Central Europe with glandular and ulceroglandular disease as its predominant forms. Transmission is mainly caused by contact with lagomorphs, rodents and tick bites. However, domestic cats may play an important role in transmission too. Myocarditis is probably a worldwide, but very rare manifestation of tularemia.
土拉热弗朗西斯菌引起的土拉菌病是一种人畜共患疾病，可导致人类出现多种疾病，包括六种主要临床表现：溃疡腺型、腺型、眼腺型、口咽型、伤寒型和肺炎型。土拉菌病的流行病学和生态学，以及传播方式都很复杂，这取决于特定地点特有的条件。
报告并讨论了 13 例不同类型的病例和 1 例非常罕见的心肌炎病例，并在现有文献范围内进行了回顾。
土拉菌病在中欧是一种罕见但正在出现的疾病，以腺型和溃疡腺型疾病为主。传播主要是通过接触兔形目动物、啮齿动物和蜱虫叮咬引起的。然而，家猫也可能在传播中起重要作用。心肌炎可能是土拉菌病的一种在全球范围内但非常罕见的表现。
