Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2019 Apr;30(2):125-133. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000582.
Not all of the risk of cardiovascular disease can be explained by diet and genetics, and the human microbiome, which lies at the interface of these two factors, may help explain some of the unaccounted risk. This review examines some of the well established links between the microbiome and cardiovascular health, and proposes relatively unexplored associations.
Byproducts of microbial metabolism are associated with health and disease: Trimethylamine N oxide is associated with atherosclerosis; whereas short-chain fatty acids are associated with decreased inflammation and increased energy expenditure. More broadly, a large number of association studies have been conducted to explore the connections between bacterial taxa and metabolic syndrome. In contrast, the relationship between the microbiome and triglycerides levels remains poorly understood.
We suggest that deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive linkages between the microbiome and disease can be determined by replacing 16S rRNA gene sequencing with shotgun metagenomic sequencing or other functional approaches. Furthermore, to ensure translatability and reproducibility of research findings, a combination of multiple different complementary '-omic' approaches should be employed.
并非所有心血管疾病的风险都可以通过饮食和遗传来解释，而处于这两个因素之间的人类微生物组可能有助于解释一些无法解释的风险。本综述探讨了微生物组与心血管健康之间一些已确立的联系，并提出了一些相对未被探索的关联。
微生物代谢的副产物与健康和疾病有关：三甲胺 N 氧化物与动脉粥样硬化有关；而短链脂肪酸与炎症减少和能量消耗增加有关。更广泛地说，已经进行了大量的关联研究来探索细菌分类群与代谢综合征之间的联系。相比之下，微生物组与甘油三酯水平之间的关系仍知之甚少。
我们建议，通过用宏基因组测序或其他功能方法替代 16S rRNA 基因测序，可以更深入地了解驱动微生物组与疾病之间联系的分子机制。此外，为了确保研究结果的可翻译性和可重复性，应该采用多种互补的“组学”方法的组合。
