Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Mar;26(8):7627-7639. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04206-1. Epub 2019 Jan 21.
Environmental effects associated with the release of various metals even at maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) to the aquatic ecosystems are evident. In the present work, time-dependent increase in accumulated metals amount in gills of Anodonta cygnea after exposure to complex metal (Zn 0.1, Cu 0.01, Ni 0.01, Cr 0.01, Pb 0.005, and Cd 0.005 mg/L, MPC accepted for the inland waters in EU) mixture at various time points (1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days) was investigated. Statistically significant increase of Cu and Cd was determined in mussel's gills after 7-day exposure, in comparison to control group; moreover, significantly elevated concentration of Cu was measured and after 14-day treatment (in comparison to control and pre-exposure group). Concentrations of five (Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cd) out of 6 investigated metals were statistically increased in gills tissue after 28-day treatment. Moreover, complex metal mixture has demonstrated tissue- and time-dependent genotoxicity (∑Gentox) and cytotoxicity (∑Cytox) responses in mussels. After 4-day exposure, there were found the highest ∑Gentox levels in gills cells and haemocytes. Two-day treatment of mussels resulted in the highest and statistically significant induction of ∑Cytox level (in gills). Furthermore, after short-term (4 days) exposure, statistically significant inhibition of AChE activity in hemolymph of metal mixture-exposed mussels, in comparison to control and pre-exposure group, was found. Comparison of investigated responses in different tissue of A. cygnea discloses new information about metal mixture (at MPC) impacts at different treatment time. According to the obtained geno- and cytotoxicity data, it is suggested that gills are more sensitive tissue. Environmentally relevant trace metal concentrations when existing in mixture are able to cause adverse effects in A. cygnea; therefore, biological effects at different levels of organism are expected as a realistic scenario.
环境影响与各种金属的释放有关，即使在最大允许浓度 (MPC) 下也会对水生生态系统产生影响。在本工作中，研究了在不同时间点（1、2、4、7、14 和 28 天）暴露于复杂金属（Zn 0.1、Cu 0.01、Ni 0.01、Cr 0.01、Pb 0.005 和 Cd 0.005 mg/L，MPC 被欧盟内陆水域接受）混合物后，贻贝鳃中积累的金属量随时间的增加。与对照组相比，7 天暴露后，贻贝鳃中的 Cu 和 Cd 含量显著增加；此外，在 14 天处理后，还测量到 Cu 的浓度显著升高（与对照组和预暴露组相比）。在 28 天处理后，组织中 6 种研究金属中有 5 种（Cu、Ni、Cr、Pb 和 Cd）的浓度显著升高。此外，复杂金属混合物在贻贝中表现出组织和时间依赖性的遗传毒性（∑Gentox）和细胞毒性（∑Cytox）反应。在 4 天暴露后，在鳃细胞和血细胞中发现了最高的∑Gentox 水平。贻贝的 2 天处理导致∑Cytox 水平（在鳃中）最高且具有统计学意义的诱导。此外，在短期（4 天）暴露后，与对照组和预暴露组相比，暴露于金属混合物的贻贝血淋巴中的 AChE 活性受到统计学抑制。比较贻贝不同组织中的研究结果，揭示了关于金属混合物（在 MPC 下）在不同处理时间的影响的新信息。根据获得的遗传毒性和细胞毒性数据，建议鳃是更敏感的组织。当存在于混合物中时，环境相关的痕量金属浓度能够对 A. cygnea 造成不利影响；因此，预计在生物体的不同水平上会出现生物效应。
