Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jan 21;20(2):442. doi: 10.3390/ijms20020442.
Arf GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) control the activity of ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) by inducing GTP hydrolysis and participate in a diverse array of cellular functions both through mechanisms that are dependent on and independent of their Arf GAP activity. A number of these functions hinge on the remodeling of actin filaments. Accordingly, some of the effects exerted by Arf GAPs involve proteins known to engage in regulation of the actin dynamics and architecture, such as Rho family proteins and nonmuscle myosin 2. Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), podosomes, invadopodia, lamellipodia, stress fibers and focal adhesions are among the actin-based structures regulated by Arf GAPs. Arf GAPs are thus important actors in broad functions like adhesion and motility, as well as the specialized functions of bone resorption, neurite outgrowth, and pathogen internalization by immune cells. Arf GAPs, with their multiple protein-protein interactions, membrane-binding domains and sites for post-translational modification, are good candidates for linking the changes in actin to the membrane. The findings discussed depict a family of proteins with a critical role in regulating actin dynamics to enable proper cell function.
Arf GTPase 激活蛋白（Arf GAPs）通过诱导 GTP 水解来控制 ADP-核糖基化因子（Arfs）的活性，并通过依赖和不依赖其 Arf GAP 活性的机制参与多种细胞功能。这些功能中的许多功能都依赖于肌动蛋白丝的重塑。因此，Arf GAPs 发挥的一些作用涉及已知参与调节肌动蛋白动力学和结构的蛋白质，例如 Rho 家族蛋白和非肌肉肌球蛋白 2。圆形背侧皱襞（CDRs）、足突、侵袭伪足、片状伪足、应力纤维和粘着斑是受 Arf GAP 调节的肌动蛋白基结构。因此，Arf GAPs 是广泛的粘附和运动功能以及骨骼吸收、神经突生长和免疫细胞内化病原体等专门功能的重要参与者。Arf GAPs 具有多种蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、膜结合结构域和翻译后修饰位点，是将肌动蛋白的变化与膜联系起来的良好候选者。讨论的结果描绘了一组在调节肌动蛋白动力学以实现适当细胞功能方面具有关键作用的蛋白质。
