KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Belgium.
KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Belgium.
Behav Res Ther. 2019 Jun;117:18-27. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.01.005. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
Randomization tests for alternating treatments designs, multiple baseline designs, and withdrawal/reversal designs are well-established. Recent classifications, however, also mention the "changing criterion design" as a fourth important type of single-case experimental design. In this paper, we examine the potential of randomization tests for changing criterion designs. We focus on the rationale of the randomization test, the random assignment procedure, the choice of the test statistic, and the calculation of randomization test p-values. Two examples using empirical data and an R computer program to perform the calculations are provided. We discuss the problems associated with conceptualizing the changing criterion design as a variant of the multiple baseline design, the potential of the range-bound changing criterion design, experimental control as an all-or-none phenomenon, the necessity of random assignment for the statistical-conclusion validity of the randomization test, and the use of randomization tests in nonrandomized designs.
随机化检验在交替处理设计、多个基线设计和撤回/反转设计中已经得到了很好的应用。然而，最近的分类也将“变化标准设计”作为第四种重要的单案例实验设计类型。在本文中，我们研究了随机化检验在变化标准设计中的应用潜力。我们重点讨论了随机化检验的基本原理、随机分配程序、检验统计量的选择以及随机化检验 p 值的计算。提供了两个使用实证数据的例子和一个 R 计算机程序来执行计算。我们讨论了将变化标准设计概念化为多个基线设计的变体所带来的问题、范围受限变化标准设计的潜力、实验控制作为一种全有或全无的现象、随机分配对于随机化检验统计结论有效性的必要性，以及随机化检验在非随机设计中的应用。
