Kaplan C D
Center on Addiction Problems, Medical Faculty, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1988 Sep;11(3):339-49.
The drug experience is not a phenomenon of isolated interest to the neurosciences. The investigation of the phases of the drug experience can tell us much about the process of stimulating and losing creativity. This paper aimed to present a human model of creativity and the drug experience to complement the existing animal models. It remains for future research to reject or confirm the hypotheses sketched here. The exploration of these hypotheses would give us better insight into the control mechanisms determining the delicate process of creating functional forms that link words and images to feelings (for example, art). The examination of the drug experience from the point of view of cerebral lateralization provides a better understanding of how the quest for art may be tied up with the consequences of self-destruction. As Luria has noted, the gnostic disturbances associated with damages of the right hemisphere are "the remarkable absence of perception of the patient of his own defects; . . . such patients have unimpaired speech but they lack the precise analysis of the direct flow of information about their own body." Perhaps this was intuitively known by Coleridge, who in 1803 had already passed into the maintenance phase and wrote the fragment "Reality's Dark Dream": I know 'tis but a dream, yet feel more anguish Than if 'twere truth. It has been often so: Must I die under it? Is no one near? Will no one hear these stifled groans and wake me?
药物体验并非仅仅是神经科学领域感兴趣的孤立现象。对药物体验各阶段的研究能让我们深入了解激发和丧失创造力的过程。本文旨在提出一种创造力和药物体验的人类模型，以补充现有的动物模型。此处所勾勒的假设有待未来研究予以驳斥或证实。对这些假设的探索将使我们更深入地洞察控制机制，这些机制决定了将词语、图像与情感（例如艺术）联系起来创造功能形式这一微妙过程。从大脑偏侧化的角度审视药物体验，能让我们更好地理解对艺术的追求可能如何与自我毁灭的后果紧密相连。正如卢里亚所指出的，与右半球损伤相关的认知障碍是“患者明显意识不到自身缺陷；……这类患者言语能力未受损，但缺乏对自身身体直接信息流的精确分析。”或许柯勒律治早已凭直觉知晓这一点，他在1803年已进入维持阶段，并写下了片段《现实的黑暗梦境》：我知道这只是个梦，却感到比面对真相更多的痛苦。常常如此：我必须死在这之下吗？附近没人吗？没人会听到这些压抑的呻吟并叫醒我吗？
