Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mail 29 Stop F-47 , Atlanta , Georgia 30341 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Feb 19;53(4):2134-2140. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05579. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
Nitromethane is a known toxicant and suspected human carcinogen. Exposure to nitromethane in a representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population in the United States ≥12 years old was assessed using 2007-2012 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Nitromethane was detected in all 8000 human blood samples collected, of which 6730 were used for analyses reported here. Sample-weighted median blood nitromethane was higher among exclusive combusted tobacco users (exclusive smokers; 774 ng/L) than nonusers of tobacco products (625 ng/L). In stratified sample-weighted regression analysis, smoking 0.5 pack of cigarettes per day was associated with a statistically significant increase in blood nitromethane by 150 ng/L, and secondhand smoke exposure (serum cotinine >0.05 ng/mL and <10 ng/mL) was statistically significant with a 31.1 ng/L increase in blood nitromethane. Certain dietary sources were associated with small but statistically significant increases in blood nitromethane. At median consumption levels, blood nitromethane was associated with an increase of 7.55 ng/L (meat/poultry), 9.32 ng/L (grain products), and 14.5 ng/L (vegetables). This is the first assessment of the magnitude and relative source apportionment of nitromethane exposure in the U.S. population.
硝基甲烷是一种已知的有毒物质和疑似人类致癌物。使用 2007-2012 年全国健康和营养调查 (NHANES) 数据评估了美国≥12 岁的非机构化平民人群中代表性样本中对硝基甲烷的暴露情况。在收集的所有 8000 个人类血液样本中均检测到了硝基甲烷，其中 6730 个样本用于此处报告的分析。与不使用烟草制品的人群（625ng/L）相比，只燃烧烟草的使用者（只吸烟的人）血液中硝基甲烷的样本加权中位数更高（774ng/L）。在分层样本加权回归分析中，每天吸 0.5 包香烟与血液中硝基甲烷增加 150ng/L 具有统计学显著相关性，而二手烟暴露（血清可替宁＞0.05ng/mL 且＜10ng/mL）与血液中硝基甲烷增加 31.1ng/L 具有统计学显著相关性。某些饮食来源与血液中硝基甲烷的小但具有统计学显著的增加有关。在中位消费水平下，血液中硝基甲烷与 7.55ng/L（肉/禽）、9.32ng/L（谷物产品）和 14.5ng/L（蔬菜）的增加有关。这是对美国人群中硝基甲烷暴露程度和相对来源分配的首次评估。
