Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
Biomarkers. 2021 Jun;26(4):371-383. doi: 10.1080/1354750X.2021.1904000. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
1,3-Butadiene is a volatile organic compound with a gasoline-like odour that is primarily used as a monomer in the production of synthetic rubber. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified 1,3-butadiene as a human carcinogen. We assessed 1,3-butadiene exposure in the U.S. population by measuring its urinary metabolites -acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (34HBMA), -acetyl-S-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-propenyl)-L-cysteine (1HMPeMA), -acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)-L-cysteine (2HBeMA), and -acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine (4HBeMA). Urine samples from the 2011 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analysed for 1,3-butadiene metabolites using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 34HBMA and 4HBeMA were detected in >96% of the samples; 1HMPeMA and 2HBeMA were detected in 0.66% and 9.84% of the samples, respectively. We used sample-weighted linear regression models to examine the influence of smoking status (using a combination of self-reporting and serum-cotinine data), demographic variables, and diet on biomarker levels. The median 4HBeMA among exclusive smokers (31.5 µg/g creatinine) was higher than in non-users (4.11 µg/g creatinine). Similarly, the median 34HBMA among exclusive smokers (391 µg/g creatinine) was higher than in non-users (296 µg/g creatinine). Furthermore, smoking 1-10, 11-20, and >20 cigarettes per day (CPD) was associated with 475%, 849%, and 1143% higher 4HBeMA ( < 0.0001), respectively. Additionally, smoking 1-10, 11-20, and >20 CPD was associated with 33%, 44%, and 102% higher 34HBMA ( < 0.0001). These results provide significant baseline data for 1,3-butadiene exposure in the U.S. population, and demonstrate that tobacco smoke is a major exposure source.
1,3-丁二烯是一种挥发性有机化合物，具有类似汽油的气味，主要用作合成橡胶的单体。国际癌症研究机构已将 1,3-丁二烯列为人类致癌物。我们通过测量尿液代谢物 -乙酰-S-(3,4-二羟基丁基)-L-半胱氨酸（34HBMA）、-乙酰-S-(1-羟甲基-2-丙烯基)-L-半胱氨酸（1HMPeMA）、-乙酰-S-(2-羟基-3-丁烯基)-L-半胱氨酸（2HBeMA）和 -乙酰-S-(4-羟基-2-丁烯-1-基)-L-半胱氨酸（4HBeMA）来评估美国人群中的 1,3-丁二烯暴露情况。使用超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法对 2011 年至 2016 年全国健康与营养调查的尿液样本进行了 1,3-丁二烯代谢物分析。34HBMA 和 4HBeMA 存在于超过 96%的样本中；1HMPeMA 和 2HBeMA 分别存在于 0.66%和 9.84%的样本中。我们使用样本加权线性回归模型来研究吸烟状况（使用自我报告和血清可替宁数据的组合）、人口统计学变量和饮食对生物标志物水平的影响。单纯吸烟者（31.5µg/g 肌酐）的中位 4HBeMA 高于非使用者（4.11µg/g 肌酐）。同样，单纯吸烟者的中位 34HBMA（391µg/g 肌酐）高于非使用者（296µg/g 肌酐）。此外，每天吸烟 1-10、11-20 和 >20 支香烟（CPD）与 4HBeMA 分别升高 475%、849%和 1143%（<0.0001）相关。此外，每天吸烟 1-10、11-20 和 >20 CPD 与 34HBMA 分别升高 33%、44%和 102%（<0.0001）相关。这些结果为美国人群的 1,3-丁二烯暴露提供了重要的基线数据，并表明烟草烟雾是主要的暴露源。
