Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155/6451, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Daru. 2019 Jun;27(1):361-378. doi: 10.1007/s40199-019-00245-8. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
There are many studies about Iranian clinical pharmacists' interventions and their impacts on medication safety and cost. The aim of this study is to collect data and critically evaluate the clinical and economic effects of Iranian clinical pharmacist interventions and activities. To our best of knowledge, this research is the first review of publications about Iranian clinical pharmacists' interventions and activities.
Six online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, and Google Scholar were searched using the terms '"Iranian", "clinical pharmacist", 'adverse drug reactions", "medication errors", "drug interaction", "drug utilization evaluation", "cost", and "interventions" for English studies conducted in Iran and described clinical pharmacist-initiated interventions, published before December 2018. The search and extraction process followed PRISMA guidelines. Observational or retrospective studies, clinical trials, congress abstracts, and case reports or case series were excluded. The search strategy after full-text review identified 39 articles matching the eligibility criteria.
Thirty-nine articles were recruited. They included establishing pharmaceutical care in out-patient clinics and drug information centers (n = 4); prevention, detection, and management of adverse drug reactions(n = 4), designing protocols and improving drug utilization pattern(n = 16), prevention, detection, and management of medication errors (n = 11), and all clinical pharmacist services(n = 4). Most clinical pharmacist interventions and activities were regarding designing protocols, improving drug utilization pattern, as well as detection, prevention, and management of medication errors. About three-fourth (74.35%) of included studies were from either ambulatory care or in-patient settings in Tehran. The median (interquartile range) duration of intervention as well as follow-up phases was 9 (5) months.
Data of our review support the beneficial role of clinical pharmacists in the improvement of quality, safety, and efficiency of patients' pharmaceutical care in Iran. Graphical abstract Clinical pharmacists' interventions in Iran.
有许多关于伊朗临床药师干预及其对用药安全和成本影响的研究。本研究旨在收集数据并批判性地评估伊朗临床药师干预措施和活动的临床和经济效果。据我们所知，这是对伊朗临床药师干预和活动相关出版物的首次综述。
使用术语“伊朗”、“临床药师”、“药物不良反应”、“用药错误”、“药物相互作用”、“药物利用评估”、“成本”和“干预”，对在伊朗进行的英文研究进行了 6 个在线数据库（PubMed、Scopus、Medline、Cochrane 中央对照试验注册库、Cochrane 系统评价数据库和 Google Scholar）的搜索，以获取临床药师发起的干预措施的相关信息，这些研究的发表时间均早于 2018 年 12 月。搜索和提取过程遵循 PRISMA 指南。排除观察性或回顾性研究、临床试验、大会摘要以及病例报告或病例系列。经过全文审查，搜索策略确定了 39 篇符合入选标准的文章。
共纳入 39 篇文章。其中包括在门诊和药物信息中心开展药学服务（n=4）、预防、检测和管理药物不良反应（n=4）、设计方案和改善药物利用模式（n=16）、预防、检测和管理用药错误（n=11）以及开展所有临床药师服务（n=4）。大多数临床药师干预措施和活动都集中在设计方案、改善药物利用模式以及检测、预防和管理用药错误方面。纳入研究中有四分之三（74.35%）来自德黑兰的门诊或住院环境。干预和随访阶段的中位数（四分位距）为 9（5）个月。
本综述的数据支持伊朗临床药师在提高患者药学服务质量、安全性和效率方面发挥有益作用。
