School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK; School of Engineering and Marine Science, Newcastle University, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
School of Engineering and Marine Science, Newcastle University, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Apr 1;235:96-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.036. Epub 2019 Jan 21.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate a life cycle assessment of straight vegetable oil (SVO) and biodiesel addressing alternative upstream pathways. The pathways are SVO and biodiesel produced in the United Kingdom (UK) using European rapeseed and also, SVO and biodiesel produced in the UK using soybean grain and soybean oil imported from Argentina. Four environmental impact categories have been assessed using the SimaPro (ReCiPe life-cycle impact assessment) method: this includes global warming potential (GWP); acidification; eutrophication and particulate matter. Rapeseed based biofuel had the lowest emission impact in terms of GHG emissions. Significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can result from land use change due to the expansion and cultivation of soybean in Argentina. When land use change is not considered, the soy based biofuel system has the lowest GHG impact with more than 70% GHG emission reduction. The GHG emission at cultivation stage far outweighs the impacts of the other life-cycle stages irrespective of the feedstock used for the biofuel production systems. The use of fertilizers and associated soil emissions are the main contributors. The environmental impacts of biofuel can be reduced by avoiding land use change, improving soil management practices and yield, and also optimizing transportation routes. Effective implementation of options for biofuels production were explored to improve sustainability in shipping.
本研究旨在评估直链植物油（SVO）和生物柴油的生命周期评估，以解决替代上游途径的问题。这些途径是在英国（UK）使用欧洲油菜籽生产的 SVO 和生物柴油，以及在英国使用从阿根廷进口的大豆谷物和豆油生产的 SVO 和生物柴油。使用 SimaPro（ReCiPe 生命周期影响评估）方法评估了四个环境影响类别：这包括全球变暖潜力（GWP）；酸化；富营养化和颗粒物。就温室气体排放而言，油菜籽基生物燃料的排放影响最低。由于阿根廷大豆的扩张和种植，土地利用变化可能导致大量温室气体（GHG）排放。不考虑土地利用变化时，基于大豆的生物燃料系统的温室气体影响最低，温室气体排放量减少了 70%以上。无论用于生物燃料生产系统的原料如何，在种植阶段的温室气体排放都远远超过其他生命周期阶段的影响。化肥和相关土壤排放是主要贡献者。通过避免土地利用变化、改善土壤管理实践和产量，以及优化运输路线，可以减少生物燃料的环境影响。为了提高航运的可持续性，探索了生物燃料生产的有效实施选择。
