Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Public Health England, UK.
Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Public Health England, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Mar 25;658:1630-1639. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.130. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Urban areas in Europe are facing a range of environmental public health challenges, such as air pollution, traffic noise and road injuries. The identification and quantification of the public health risks associated with exposure to environmental conditions is important for prioritising policies and interventions that aim to diminish the risks and improve the health of the population. With this purpose in mind, the EURO-HEALTHY project used a consistent approach to assess the impact of key environmental risk factors and urban environmental determinants on public health in European metropolitan areas. A number of environmental public health indicators, which are closely tied to the physical and built environment, were identified through stakeholder consultation; data were collected from six European metropolitan areas (Athens, Barcelona, Lisbon, London, Stockholm and Turin) covering the period 2000-2014, and a health impact assessment framework enabled the quantification of health effects (attributable deaths) associated with these indicators. The key environmental public health indicators were related to air pollution and certain urban environmental conditions (urban green spaces, road safety). The air pollution was generally the highest environmental public health risk; the associated number of deaths in Athens, Barcelona and London ranged between 800 and 2300 attributable deaths per year. The number of victims of road traffic accidents and the associated deaths were lowest in the most recent year compared with previous years. We also examined the positive impacts on health associated with urban green spaces by calculating reduced mortality impacts for populations residing in areas with greater green space coverage; results in Athens showed reductions of all-cause mortality of 26 per 100,000 inhabitants for populations with benefits of local greenspace. Based on our analysis, we discuss recommendations of potential interventions that could be implemented to reduce the environmental public health risks in the European metropolitan areas covered by this study.
欧洲城市地区面临着一系列环境公共卫生挑战，如空气污染、交通噪音和道路伤害。确定和量化与环境条件暴露相关的公共卫生风险对于优先考虑旨在降低风险和改善人口健康的政策和干预措施非常重要。考虑到这一目的，EURO-HEALTHY 项目采用一致的方法来评估关键环境风险因素和城市环境决定因素对欧洲大都市区公共健康的影响。通过利益相关者协商确定了一些与物理和建筑环境密切相关的环境公共卫生指标；从六个欧洲大都市区（雅典、巴塞罗那、里斯本、伦敦、斯德哥尔摩和都灵）收集了 2000-2014 年的数据，并采用健康影响评估框架量化了与这些指标相关的健康影响（归因死亡）。关键环境公共卫生指标与空气污染和某些城市环境条件（城市绿地、道路安全）有关。空气污染通常是环境公共卫生风险最高的因素；在雅典、巴塞罗那和伦敦，每年与空气污染相关的死亡人数在 800 至 2300 人之间。与前几年相比，道路交通伤害事故的受害者人数和相关死亡人数在最近一年最低。我们还通过计算居住在绿地覆盖面积较大地区的人群的死亡率降低来评估城市绿地对健康的积极影响；在雅典，对于受益于当地绿地的人群，全因死亡率降低了 26 人/每 10 万居民。基于我们的分析，我们讨论了可以在本研究涵盖的欧洲大都市区实施的潜在干预措施的建议，以降低环境公共卫生风险。
