Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 22;11(2):240. doi: 10.3390/nu11020240.
Nitric oxide (NO) facilitates anti-atherosclerotic effects. Vegetables are a major source of dietary nitrate. Experimental data indicates that dietary nitrate can significantly reduce major risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD), as nitrate can be metabolized to produce NO via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between habitual dietary nitrate intakes and the incidence of self-reported CVD-related complications within a representative sample of middle-aged Australian women (1946⁻1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health). Women free from disease at baseline who had completed the food frequency questionnaire data were included. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) across quartiles for nitrate intakes. Of the 5324 women included for analysis, there were 1951 new cases of CVD-related complications over 15-years of follow-up. Women reporting higher total dietary nitrate intakes (Q4 > 78.2 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q4 > 64.4 mg/day) were 25% and 27% reduced risk of developing CVD-related complications respectively, compared with women reporting low total (Q1 < 45.5 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q1 < 34.8 mg/day). Our findings were consistent with other observational data indicating that dietary nitrate may explain some of the cardiovascular benefits of vegetable consumption.
一氧化氮（NO）有助于抗动脉粥样硬化作用。蔬菜是膳食硝酸盐的主要来源。实验数据表明，膳食硝酸盐可以显著降低动脉粥样硬化和随后的心血管疾病（CVD）的主要风险因素，因为硝酸盐可以通过硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐-NO 途径代谢产生 NO。本研究旨在前瞻性调查习惯性膳食硝酸盐摄入量与中年澳大利亚女性（1946-1951 年澳大利亚妇女健康纵向研究队列）中报告的 CVD 相关并发症发生率之间的关联。在基线时没有疾病且完成了食物频率问卷数据的女性被纳入研究。使用广义估计方程来估计硝酸盐摄入量四分位数的比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（95%CI）。在纳入分析的 5324 名女性中，在 15 年的随访中有 1951 例新的 CVD 相关并发症。与报告低总（Q1 < 45.5 mg/天）和蔬菜硝酸盐摄入量（Q1 < 34.8 mg/天）的女性相比，报告总膳食硝酸盐摄入量较高（Q4 > 78.2 mg/天）和蔬菜硝酸盐摄入量较高（Q4 > 64.4 mg/天）的女性发生 CVD 相关并发症的风险分别降低了 25%和 27%。我们的研究结果与其他观察性数据一致，表明膳食硝酸盐可能解释了蔬菜消费对心血管的一些益处。
