School of Biomedical, Nutritional & Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
Nutrients. 2024 May 17;16(10):1511. doi: 10.3390/nu16101511.
Consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables increases nitric oxide bioavailability, lowers blood pressure, and improves endothelial function. These effects could also translate into reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. This systematic review aimed to investigate the associations between habitual vegetable nitrate intake and CVD incidence and mortality. A secondary aim was to identify factors that moderate the relationship between vegetable nitrate intake and CVD incidence/mortality. Seven databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and APA PsycINFO) were searched from inception to 13 February 2023. Observational studies quantifying vegetable nitrate intake in participants aged 18+ years through self-reported dietary exposure and assessing incidence or mortality from CVD overall, or individual CVD subtypes, were eligible. Five studies including a total of 63,155 participants were included. There was an inverse association between vegetable nitrate intake and most reported CVD outcomes. Reported risk reductions tended to plateau at moderate intake, suggesting a possible ceiling effect. The risk of bias across all studies was low. The results of this systematic review suggest a potential role for vegetable nitrate in reducing CVD risk and mortality. Further randomised controlled trials are now required to corroborate these findings.
食用富含硝酸盐的蔬菜会增加一氧化氮的生物利用度，降低血压，改善血管内皮功能。这些作用还可能转化为降低心血管疾病 (CVD) 的风险和死亡率。本系统评价旨在调查习惯性蔬菜硝酸盐摄入量与 CVD 发病率和死亡率之间的关联。次要目的是确定调节蔬菜硝酸盐摄入量与 CVD 发病率/死亡率之间关系的因素。从建立到 2023 年 2 月 13 日，我们在 7 个数据库（PubMed、MEDLINE、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science、CINAHL 和 APA PsycINFO）中进行了搜索。符合条件的观察性研究通过自我报告的饮食暴露来量化参与者年龄在 18 岁及以上的蔬菜硝酸盐摄入量，并评估 CVD 总体或单个 CVD 亚型的发病率或死亡率。共纳入了 5 项研究，总计 63155 名参与者。蔬菜硝酸盐摄入量与大多数报告的 CVD 结局呈负相关。报告的风险降低在中等摄入量时趋于平稳，表明可能存在上限效应。所有研究的偏倚风险均较低。本系统评价的结果表明，蔬菜硝酸盐可能在降低 CVD 风险和死亡率方面发挥作用。现在需要进行更多的随机对照试验来证实这些发现。
