Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Neuroscientist. 2019 Oct;25(5):475-490. doi: 10.1177/1073858418824256. Epub 2019 Jan 24.
The striatum is a critical component of the brain that controls motor, reward, and executive function. This ancient and phylogenetically conserved structure forms a central hub where rapid instinctive, reflexive movements and behaviors in response to sensory stimulation or the retrieval of emotional memory intersect with slower planned motor movements and rational behaviors. This review emphasizes two distinct pathways that begin in the thalamus and converge in the striatum to differentially affect movements, behaviors, and decision making. The convergence of excitatory glutamatergic activity from the thalamus and cortex, along with dopamine release in response to novel stimulation, provide the basis for motor learning, reward seeking, and habit formation. We outline how the rules derived through research on neural pathways may enhance the predictability of reflexive actions and rational responses studied in behavioral economics.
纹状体是大脑的一个关键组成部分，控制着运动、奖励和执行功能。这个古老且在系统发生上保守的结构形成了一个中央枢纽，在这个枢纽中，对感官刺激的快速本能、反射性运动和行为，以及对情绪记忆的检索，与较慢的计划运动和理性行为相交织。这篇综述强调了两条不同的途径，它们始于丘脑并在纹状体汇聚，以不同的方式影响运动、行为和决策。来自丘脑和皮层的兴奋性谷氨酸能活动的汇聚，以及对新刺激的多巴胺释放，为运动学习、奖励寻求和习惯形成提供了基础。我们概述了通过研究神经通路得出的规则如何增强行为经济学中研究的反射性动作和理性反应的可预测性。
