State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunan 650201, China.
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2019;20(7):750-758. doi: 10.2174/1389203720666190125105401.
Obesity is one of the main challenges of public health in the 21st century. Obesity can induce a series of chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver, which seriously affect human health. Gut-brain axis, the two-direction pathway formed between enteric nervous system and central nervous system, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of obesity. Gastrointestinal signals are projected through the gut-brain axis to nervous system, and respond to various gastrointestinal stimulation. The central nervous system regulates visceral activity through the gut-brain axis. Brain-gut peptides have important regulatory roles in the gut-brain axis. The brain-gut peptides of the gastrointestinal system and the nervous system regulate the gastrointestinal movement, feeling, secretion, absorption and other complex functions through endocrine, neurosecretion and paracrine to secrete peptides. Both neuropeptide Y and peptide YY belong to the pancreatic polypeptide family and are important brain-gut peptides. Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY have functions that are closely related to appetite regulation and obesity formation. This review describes the role of the gutbrain axis in regulating appetite and maintaining energy balance, and the functions of brain-gut peptides neuropeptide Y and peptide YY in obesity. The relationship between NPY and PYY and the interaction between the NPY-PYY signaling with the gut microbiota are also described in this review.
肥胖是 21 世纪公共卫生面临的主要挑战之一。肥胖可诱发一系列慢性代谢性疾病，如糖尿病、血脂异常、高血压和非酒精性脂肪肝，严重影响人类健康。肠-脑轴是肠神经系统和中枢神经系统之间形成的双向通路，在肥胖的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用。胃肠道信号通过肠-脑轴投射到神经系统，并对各种胃肠道刺激做出反应。中枢神经系统通过肠-脑轴调节内脏活动。脑-肠肽在肠-脑轴中具有重要的调节作用。胃肠道和神经系统的脑-肠肽通过内分泌、神经分泌和旁分泌来分泌肽，调节胃肠道的运动、感觉、分泌、吸收等复杂功能。神经肽 Y 和肽 YY 均属于胰多肽家族，是重要的脑-肠肽。神经肽 Y 和肽 YY 具有密切相关的食欲调节和肥胖形成功能。本文综述了肠-脑轴在调节食欲和维持能量平衡中的作用，以及脑-肠肽神经肽 Y 和肽 YY 在肥胖中的作用。本文还描述了 NPY 和 PYY 之间的关系以及 NPY-PYY 信号与肠道微生物群的相互作用。
