Université des Montagnes, Faculty of Heath Science, PO Box: 208, Bangangté, Cameroon.
Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Jan 24;12(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3307-0.
Schistosomiasis is neglected tropical parasitic disease affecting both humans and animals. Due to the human health impact, population genetic studies have focused on the three main human-infecting schistosome species: Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum. Here we present novel data on the population genetic structure of Schistosoma bovis, a highly widespread and prevalent schistosome infecting ruminants, and therefore of veterinary importance.
Adult S. bovis were sampled in the two main abattoirs of Cameroon (Yaoundé and Douala). Twenty-two cows originating from four distinct localities were sampled and a total of 218 parasites were recovered. All parasites were genotyped using a panel of 14 microsatellite markers and a sub-sample of 91 parasites were sequenced and characterized with the mitochondrial (cox1) and nuclear (ITS) genetic markers.
No significant difference in allelic richness, heterozygosity, nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity was observed between the populations. Additionally, no strong genetic structure was observed at the country scale. Our data also show that S. bovis is more polymorphic than its sister species, S. haematobium, and that the haplotype diversity is similar to that of S. mansoni while the nucleotide diversity does not significantly differ from that of S. haematobium. The resulting negative Tajima's D* and Fu and Li's D* indices could be a signature of population demographic expansion. No S. haematobium/S. bovis hybrids were observed in our populations, thus all samples were considered as pure S. bovis.
This study provides novel insights into genetic diversity and population genetic structure of S. bovis. No strong genetic structure was observed at the country scale but some genetic indices could be associated as a signature of population demographic expansion.
血吸虫病是一种被忽视的热带寄生虫病，影响人类和动物。由于对人类健康的影响，人群遗传研究主要集中在三种主要的人类感染血吸虫物种上：曼氏血吸虫、埃及血吸虫和日本血吸虫。在这里，我们提出了关于牛血吸虫种群遗传结构的新数据，牛血吸虫是一种广泛流行的感染反刍动物的血吸虫，因此具有兽医重要性。
在喀麦隆的两个主要屠宰场（雅温得和杜阿拉）采集成年牛血吸虫。从四个不同地点采集了 22 头奶牛，共回收了 218 条寄生虫。所有寄生虫均使用 14 个微卫星标记面板进行基因分型，对 91 个寄生虫的亚样本进行了测序，并利用线粒体（cox1）和核（ITS）遗传标记进行了特征分析。
未观察到种群间等位基因丰富度、杂合度、核苷酸多样性和单倍型多样性存在显著差异。此外，在国家尺度上未观察到强烈的遗传结构。我们的数据还表明，牛血吸虫比其姊妹种埃及血吸虫具有更高的多态性，而且单倍型多样性与曼氏血吸虫相似，核苷酸多样性与埃及血吸虫无显著差异。由此产生的负 Tajima's D* 和 Fu 和 Li 的 D*指数可能是种群扩张的标志。在我们的种群中没有观察到埃及血吸虫/牛血吸虫杂种，因此所有样本都被认为是纯牛血吸虫。
本研究提供了关于牛血吸虫遗传多样性和种群遗传结构的新见解。在国家尺度上未观察到强烈的遗传结构，但一些遗传指数可能与种群扩张的标志有关。
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