Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, D50829, Germany.
Science. 2019 Jan 25;363(6425):409-412. doi: 10.1126/science.aau8197.
The reproductive strategies of plants are highly variable. Short-lived annuals flower abundantly soon after germination, whereas longer-lived perennials postpone and spatially restrict flowering. We used CRISPR/Cas9 and interspecies gene transfer to understand divergence in reproductive patterns between annual and perennial crucifers. We show that in perennial , flowering in response to winter cold depends on the floral integrator SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 15 (SPL15), whose activity is limited to older shoots and branches during cold exposure. In annuals, this regulatory system is conserved, but cold-induced flowering occurs in young shoots, without requirement for SPL15, through the photoperiodic pathway when plants return to warm. By reconstructing the annual response in perennials, we conclude that characteristic patterns of reproduction in annuals and perennials are conferred through variation in dependency on distinct flowering pathways acting in parallel.
植物的繁殖策略具有高度可变性。短命的一年生植物在发芽后不久就会大量开花，而寿命较长的多年生植物则会推迟开花时间，并在空间上限制开花。我们使用 CRISPR/Cas9 和种间基因转移来理解一年生和多年生十字花科植物在繁殖模式上的差异。我们表明，在多年生植物中，对冬季寒冷的开花反应取决于花的整合因子 SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 15（SPL15），其活性在寒冷暴露期间仅限于较老的枝条。在一年生植物中，这个调节系统是保守的，但通过植物返回温暖时的光周期途径，在不需要 SPL15 的情况下，年轻的枝条也会在寒冷诱导下开花。通过在多年生植物中重建一年生的反应，我们得出结论，一年生和多年生植物的特征繁殖模式是通过对不同的开花途径的依赖性的变化而产生的，这些途径是平行作用的。
