Silverman A L, Desai T K, Dhar R, Ehrinpreis M N, Kinzie J L, Luk G D
Division of Gastroenterology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1988 Dec;17(4):713-25.
The most common presentation of colorectal carcinoma is in the symptomatic patient, most often with complaints of rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, or change in bowel habits. Symptomatic patients often have advanced disease and, because surgical resection is the only effective therapy at present, their chance for cure is poor. Until effective treatment is available, therefore, we must identify patients at high risk for lifelong screening. In addition, more effective means of surveillance of the general population need to be developed in order to diagnose patients at risk for sporadic colorectal cancer, given that this represents the majority of patients with disease. Tumor markers also would be useful to find residual disease while it is still resectable in patients who have undergone surgery for curative resection.
结直肠癌最常见的表现是出现症状，最常见的症状是直肠出血、腹痛或排便习惯改变。有症状的患者通常患有晚期疾病，而且由于手术切除是目前唯一有效的治疗方法，他们的治愈机会很低。因此，在有有效的治疗方法之前，我们必须识别出需要终身筛查的高危患者。此外，鉴于散发性结直肠癌患者占大多数，需要开发更有效的普通人群监测方法，以便诊断出有患散发性结直肠癌风险的患者。肿瘤标志物对于在接受根治性切除手术的患者中发现仍可切除的残留疾病也会很有用。
