Congdon B S, Coutts B A, Renton M, Banovic M, Jones R A C
School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Crop Protection Branch, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, WA 6983, Australia.
Plant Dis. 2016 Dec;100(12):2475-2482. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-05-16-0670-RE. Epub 2016 Sep 20.
From 2013 to 2015, incidences of Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) infection were determined in semi-leafless field pea (Pisum sativum) crops and trial plots growing in the Mediterranean-type environment of southwest Australia. PSbMV was found at incidences of 2 to 51% in 9 of 13 crops, 1 to 100% in 20 of 24 cultivar plots, and 1 to 57% in 14 of 21 breeding line plots. Crops and plots of 'PBA Gunyah', 'Kaspa', and 'PBA Twilight' were frequently PSbMV infected but none of PSbMV resistance gene sbm1-carrying 'PBA Wharton' plants were infected. In 2015, 14 new PSbMV isolates obtained from these various sources were sequenced and their partial coat protein (CP) nucleotide sequences analyzed. Sequence identities and phylogenetic comparison with 39 other PSbMV partial CP nucleotide sequences from GenBank demonstrated that at least three PSbMV introductions have occurred to the region, one of which was previously unknown. When plants of 'Greenfeast' and PBA Gunyah pea (which both carry resistance gene sbm2) and PBA Wharton and 'Yarrum' (which carry sbm1) were inoculated with PSbMV pathotype P-2 isolate W1, resistance was overcome in a small proportion of plants of each cultivar, showing that resistance-breaking variants were likely to be present. An improved management effort by pea breeders, advisors, and growers is required to diminish infection of seed stocks, avoid sbm gene resistance being overcome in the field, and mitigate the impact of PSbMV on seed yield and quality. A similar management effort is likely to be needed in field pea production elsewhere in the world.
2013年至2015年期间，对生长于澳大利亚西南部地中海型环境中的半无叶型食荚豌豆（Pisum sativum）作物及试验田块进行了豌豆种传花叶病毒（PSbMV）感染发生率的测定。在13个作物中有9个检测到PSbMV，发生率为2%至51%；在24个品种试验田块中有20个检测到PSbMV，发生率为1%至100%；在21个育种系试验田块中有14个检测到PSbMV，发生率为1%至57%。‘PBA Gunyah’‘Kaspa’和‘PBA Twilight’的作物及试验田块经常受到PSbMV感染，但携带PSbMV抗性基因sbm1的‘PBA Wharton’植株均未被感染。2015年，对从这些不同来源获得的14个新的PSbMV分离株进行了测序，并分析了它们的部分外壳蛋白（CP）核苷酸序列。与来自GenBank的其他39个PSbMV部分CP核苷酸序列进行的序列同一性和系统发育比较表明，该地区至少发生了三次PSbMV传入事件，其中一次此前未知。当用PSbMV致病型P-2分离株W1接种‘Greenfeast’和PBA Gunyah豌豆（均携带抗性基因sbm2）以及PBA Wharton和‘Yarrum’（携带sbm1）的植株时，每个品种的一小部分植株的抗性被克服，这表明可能存在抗性突破变异体。豌豆育种者、顾问和种植者需要加强管理，以减少种子库存的感染，避免田间sbm基因抗性被克服，并减轻PSbMV对种子产量和质量的影响。世界其他地方的食荚豌豆生产可能也需要类似的管理措施。
