是什么让我们忙碌？成年期全生命周期感知忙碌的预测因素。
What makes us busy? Predictors of perceived busyness across the adult lifespan.
机构信息
a University of Tampa.
b Georgia Institute of Technology.
出版信息
J Gen Psychol. 2019 Apr-Jun;146(2):111-133. doi: 10.1080/00221309.2018.1540396. Epub 2019 Jan 26.
Busier people tend to perform better on cognitive tasks than less busy individuals. Nevertheless, the characteristics that are associated with greater perceived busyness are unknown. To address this question participants (N = 463) from the Dallas Lifespan Brain Study (ages 20-89) completed a self-report busyness assessment and demographic, health, personality, and lifestyle measures. Results revealed that perceived busyness peaked in 30-year-olds, showed age-related decreases until age 60, and then remained stable. Moreover, women generally reported being busier than men. Analysis of age by gender interactions revealed that men exhibited a significant cubic age effect for busyness, whereas women did not. Overall, younger age, female gender, agreeableness, neuroticism, frequent participation in novel activities, and enjoyment of cognitive processing were independently associated with being busier, and the characteristics related to busyness were generally stable across age. Notably, participation in novel activities and need for cognition were the most predictive lifestyle characteristics, supporting the framing of busyness as an indicator of mental engagement. We also propose personality-based sources of self-generated and other-generated busyness.
忙碌的人在认知任务上的表现往往优于不那么忙碌的人。然而，与更高的感知忙碌程度相关的特征尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，来自达拉斯寿命大脑研究的参与者（N=463），年龄在 20 岁至 89 岁之间，完成了一份自我报告的忙碌评估以及人口统计学、健康、个性和生活方式的评估。结果显示，感知忙碌在 30 岁时达到顶峰，随着年龄的增长呈下降趋势，直到 60 岁，然后保持稳定。此外，女性普遍报告比男性更忙碌。年龄与性别交互作用的分析表明，男性的忙碌程度呈现出显著的三次年龄效应，而女性则没有。总的来说，年轻、女性、随和、神经质、经常参与新颖活动和享受认知加工与忙碌程度独立相关，而且与忙碌程度相关的特征在整个年龄范围内是稳定的。值得注意的是，参与新颖活动和认知需求是最具预测性的生活方式特征，支持将忙碌作为心理投入的指标。我们还提出了基于个性的自我产生和他人产生忙碌的来源。
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