Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong,Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Cytotherapy. 2019 May;21(5):509-524. doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Jan 25.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world with a high annual incidence level. Researchers have been working on developing treatments for cancer. Targeted therapy is an emerging treatment modality that is more novel than surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In targeted therapy, exogenous nanoscale microparticles are applied as carriers for drugs or genes. However, conventional particles have certain limitations attributed to non-specific cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and low delivery efficacy in individual therapeutic vector systems. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by various cells that consist of lipid bilayer membranes without organelles. Due to their excellent biocompatibility, exosomes have received increased attention in recent years for targeted therapy applications. This review briefly introduces the current status of targeted therapy, and exosomes are introduced by their structural characteristics, physiological effects and separation methods. This review also discusses the applications of engineered exosomes derived from different cells in the field of targeted therapies and compares the two-way regulation of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes in tumor therapy.
癌症是全球第二大死亡原因，其年发病率水平较高。研究人员一直在致力于开发癌症治疗方法。靶向治疗是一种新兴的治疗方式，比手术、放疗和化疗更为新颖。在靶向治疗中，外源性纳米级微粒被用作药物或基因的载体。然而，传统颗粒具有一定的局限性，归因于非特异性细胞毒性、生物相容性和个体治疗载体系统中的低传递效率。外泌体是各种细胞分泌的含有脂质双层膜但没有细胞器的小囊泡。由于其出色的生物相容性，近年来，外泌体在靶向治疗应用中受到了越来越多的关注。本文简要介绍了靶向治疗的现状，并介绍了外泌体的结构特征、生理效应和分离方法。本文还讨论了不同细胞来源的工程化外泌体在靶向治疗领域的应用，并比较了间充质基质细胞衍生的外泌体在肿瘤治疗中的双向调节作用。
