Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King´s College London, London, UK.
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
CNS Drugs. 2019 Feb;33(2):143-160. doi: 10.1007/s40263-018-0601-x.
Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and causes adverse health outcomes. Novel procognitive therapies are needed to address this unmet need. It is now established that there is an increased risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and, moreover, T2DM and PD may have common underlying biological mechanisms. As such, T2DM medications are emerging as potential therapies in the context of PD dementia (PDD). In this review, we provide an update on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments and PDD, focusing on diabetes-related pathways. Finally, we have conducted a review of ongoing clinical trials in PD patients with dementia, highlighting the multiple pharmacological mechanisms that are targeted to achieve cognitive enhancement.
认知障碍在帕金森病（PD）患者中非常普遍，会导致不良的健康后果。需要新型的认知增强疗法来满足这一未满足的需求。现在已经确定，2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者患痴呆的风险增加，而且 T2DM 和 PD 可能具有共同的潜在生物学机制。因此，T2DM 药物在 PD 痴呆（PDD）的背景下作为潜在的治疗方法而出现。在这篇综述中，我们提供了认知障碍和 PDD 背后的病理生理学机制的最新信息，重点介绍了与糖尿病相关的途径。最后，我们对痴呆 PD 患者的正在进行的临床试验进行了综述，强调了为实现认知增强而针对的多种药理学机制。
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