Attia Mohamed S, Yahya Ahmed, Monaem Nada Abdel, Sabry Shereen A
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
Saudi Pharm J. 2023 Mar;31(3):417-432. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.009. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
Worldwide, populations face significant burdens from neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), especially Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although there are many proposed etiologies for neurodegenerative disorders, including genetic and environmental factors, the exact pathogenesis for these disorders is not fully understood. Most patients with NDDs are given lifelong treatment to improve their quality of life. There are myriad treatments for NDDs; however, these agents are limited by their side effects and difficulty in passing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, the central nervous system (CNS) active pharmaceuticals could offer symptomatic relief for the patient's condition without providing a complete cure or prevention by targeting the disease's cause. Recently, Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have gained interest in treating NDDs since their physicochemical properties and inherent ability to pass BBB make them possible drug carriers for several drugs for NDDs treatment. This paper provides insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of NDDs, along with the recent advances in applying MSNs as fibril scavengers. Moreover, the application of MSNs-based formulations in enhancing or sustaining drug release rate, and brain targeting via their responsive release properties, besides the neurotoxicity of MSNs, have been reviewed.
在全球范围内，人们面临着神经退行性疾病（NDDs）带来的重大负担，尤其是阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。尽管神经退行性疾病有许多提出的病因，包括遗传和环境因素，但这些疾病的确切发病机制尚未完全了解。大多数神经退行性疾病患者需要终身治疗以提高生活质量。神经退行性疾病有无数种治疗方法；然而，这些药物受到其副作用和难以通过血脑屏障（BBB）的限制。此外，中枢神经系统（CNS）活性药物可以缓解患者的症状，但无法通过针对疾病病因实现完全治愈或预防。最近，介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSNs）因其物理化学性质和通过血脑屏障的固有能力，成为治疗神经退行性疾病的几种药物的潜在载体，从而引起了人们的关注。本文深入探讨了神经退行性疾病的发病机制和治疗方法，以及将MSNs用作原纤维清除剂的最新进展。此外，还综述了基于MSNs的制剂在提高或维持药物释放速率、通过其响应释放特性实现脑靶向方面的应用，以及MSNs的神经毒性。
