Circle Health Diabetes and Endocrine Center, Dracut, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Reproduction. 2019 Apr 1;157(4):R143-R157. doi: 10.1530/REP-17-0734.
Fetal development represents a time of potential vulnerability due to rapid cell division, organ development and limited fetal kidney/liver activity for detoxification and metabolism of exposures. Health effects of prenatal toxicant exposure have previously been described, but there is little cohesive evidence surrounding effects on ovarian function. Using bisphenol A (BPA) as a case study, we seek to examine whether a prominent prenatal environmental exposure can pose a real threat to human ovarian function. To do so, we broadly review human oogenesis and menstrual cycle biology. We then present available literature addressing prenatal bisphenol A and diverse outcomes at the level of the ovary. We highlight relevant human cohorts and mammalian models to review the existing data on prenatal exposures and ovarian disruption. Doing so suggests that while current exposures to BPA have not shown marked or consistent results, there is data sufficient to raise concerns regarding ovarian function. Challenges in the examination of this question suggest the need for additional models and pathways by which to expand these examinations in humans.
胎儿发育时期，由于细胞分裂迅速、器官发育以及胎儿肾脏/肝脏解毒和代谢能力有限，胎儿易受到伤害。先前已有研究描述了产前有毒物质暴露对健康的影响，但对于其对卵巢功能的影响，相关证据还不够系统。本研究以双酚 A（BPA）为例，旨在探讨一种主要的产前环境污染物是否会对人类卵巢功能造成真正威胁。为达到这一目的，我们广泛地综述了人类卵子发生和月经周期生物学。然后，我们介绍了目前关于产前双酚 A 以及卵巢不同结局的文献。我们重点介绍了相关的人类队列和哺乳动物模型，以综述关于产前暴露和卵巢功能障碍的现有数据。研究结果表明，虽然目前 BPA 的暴露没有显示出明显或一致的结果，但已有足够的数据表明对卵巢功能存在担忧。在研究这个问题时遇到的挑战表明，需要进一步研究模型和途径，以扩大对人类的研究。
