Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Accid Anal Prev. 2019 Apr;125:14-19. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.01.019. Epub 2019 Jan 25.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of time of day and taxi route complexity on navigation errors. Nine pilots participated in the experiment. Four testing conditions defined by time of day conditions (i.e., nighttime versus daytime) and taxi route complexity (i.e., more complex versus less complex) were examined. Participants were instructed to perform simulated taxiing tasks in each of the testing conditions. Navigation errors during taxiing were counted. In addition, eye movement measures can reflect pilots' attention allocation, situation awareness and mental workload that are closely related to the risk of navigation errors. Thus, eye movement measures including fixation rate, average fixation duration and average pupil area were also selected as dependent variables. We found that navigation errors were fewer at night compared to in daytime. This could be explained by the finding that pilots paid more attention to the environmental clues out of the window at night, inducing better situation awareness for accurate taxiing. More complex taxi route was found to be associated with more navigation errors, but participants' visual behaviors were consistent between route complexity conditions, indicating that pilots' visual operation strategies did not contribute to the increased number of navigation errors in the more complex taxi route condition.
本研究旨在评估一天中的时间和出租车路线复杂性对导航误差的影响。九名飞行员参与了实验。通过时间条件（即夜间与白天）和出租车路线复杂性（即更复杂与较简单）来定义四个测试条件。要求参与者在每个测试条件下执行模拟滑行任务。统计滑行过程中的导航误差。此外，眼动测量可以反映飞行员的注意力分配、态势感知和与导航误差风险密切相关的心理工作量。因此，还选择了眼动测量的一些指标，包括注视率、平均注视持续时间和平均瞳孔面积作为因变量。我们发现，与白天相比，夜间的导航误差更少。这可能是因为夜间飞行员更关注窗外的环境线索，从而对准确滑行产生更好的态势感知。更复杂的出租车路线与更多的导航误差有关，但参与者在路线复杂性条件下的视觉行为是一致的，这表明飞行员的视觉操作策略并没有导致在更复杂的出租车路线条件下导航误差的增加。
