Hung Chiung-Yu, Hsu Amy P, Holland Steven M, Fierer Joshua
Department of Biology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Med Mycol. 2019 Feb 1;57(Supplement_1):S85-S92. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myy146.
Coccidioidomycosis is a human fungal disease cause by inhalation of aerosol spores produced by Coccidioides posadasii or Coccidioides immitis. This disease is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in the endemic areas of the Southwestern United States. It also can present as a life-threatening disease as the fungal cells disseminate to skin, bone, and central nervous system. The outcome of coccidioidomycosis is largely determined by the nature of host immune response to the infection. Escalation of symptomatic infections and increased cost of long-term antifungal treatment warrant a concerted effort to better understand the innate and adaptive immune responses and the genetics associated with coccidioidomycosis susceptibility. This knowledge can be harnessed for development of a human vaccine against Coccidioides and advance clinic management of this disease. This review discusses recently reported studies on innate and adaptive immunity to Coccidioides infection, Mendelian susceptibility to disseminated disease and progress toward a human vaccine against this formidable disease.
球孢子菌病是一种人类真菌病，由吸入波萨达斯球孢子菌或粗球孢子菌产生的气溶胶孢子引起。在美国西南部的流行地区，这种疾病是社区获得性肺炎的常见病因。当真菌细胞扩散到皮肤、骨骼和中枢神经系统时，它也可能表现为一种危及生命的疾病。球孢子菌病的结果很大程度上取决于宿主对感染的免疫反应性质。有症状感染的增加以及长期抗真菌治疗成本的上升，需要共同努力以更好地了解先天性和适应性免疫反应以及与球孢子菌病易感性相关的遗传学。这些知识可用于开发针对球孢子菌的人类疫苗，并推进对这种疾病的临床管理。这篇综述讨论了最近报道的关于对球孢子菌感染的先天性和适应性免疫、孟德尔遗传性播散性疾病易感性以及针对这种可怕疾病的人类疫苗进展的研究。
