Fayed Mohamed A, Evans Timothy M, Almasri Eyad, Bilello Kathryn L, Libke Robert, Peterson Michael W
Pulmonary Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco, Fresno Campus, Fresno, CA 93701, USA.
Infectious Disease Division, University of California San Francisco, Fresno Campus, Fresno, CA 93701, USA.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Oct 18;10(10):724. doi: 10.3390/jof10100724.
Coccidioidomycosis is a disease caused by soil fungi of the genus , divided genetically into (California isolates) and (isolates outside California). Coccidioidomycosis is transmitted through the inhalation of fungal spores, arthroconidia, which can cause disease in susceptible mammalian hosts, including humans. Coccidioidomycosis is endemic to the western part of the United States of America, including the central valley of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of western Texas. Cases have been reported in other regions in different states, and endemic pockets are present in these states. The incidence of reported cases of coccidioidomycosis has notably increased since it became reportable in 1995. Clinically, the infection ranges from asymptomatic to fatal disease due to pneumonia or disseminated states. The recognition of coccidioidomycosis can be challenging, as it frequently mimics bacterial community-acquired pneumonia. The diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis is frequently dependent on serologic testing, the results of which can take several days or longer to obtain. Coccidioidomycosis continues to present challenges for clinicians, and suspected cases can be easily missed. The challenges of coccidioidomycosis disease, from presentation to diagnosis to treatment, remain a hurdle for clinicians, and further research is needed to address these challenges.
球孢子菌病是一种由球孢子菌属土壤真菌引起的疾病，在基因上分为A组（加利福尼亚分离株）和B组（加利福尼亚以外的分离株）。球孢子菌病通过吸入真菌孢子关节孢子传播，这些孢子可在包括人类在内的易感哺乳动物宿主中引发疾病。球孢子菌病在美国西部为地方病，包括加利福尼亚中央谷地、亚利桑那州、新墨西哥州以及得克萨斯州西部部分地区。不同州的其他地区也有病例报告，这些州存在地方性疫源地。自1995年球孢子菌病成为需报告疾病以来，报告病例的发病率显著增加。临床上，感染范围从无症状到因肺炎或播散状态导致的致命疾病。球孢子菌病的识别具有挑战性，因为它常常酷似社区获得性细菌性肺炎。球孢子菌病的诊断通常依赖血清学检测，而获得检测结果可能需要数天或更长时间。球孢子菌病继续给临床医生带来挑战，疑似病例很容易被漏诊。球孢子菌病从发病到诊断再到治疗所面临的挑战，仍然是临床医生的一个障碍，需要进一步研究来应对这些挑战。
