MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow, G2 3AX, Scotland, UK.
Int J Health Geogr. 2019 Jan 29;18(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12942-019-0166-z.
Over a third of the Scottish population do not meet physical activity (PA) recommendations, with a greater proportion of those from disadvantaged areas not meeting recommended levels. There is a great need for detailed understanding of why some people are active while others are not. It has been established that features within home neighbourhoods are important for promoting PA, and although around 60% of time spent in exercise daily is undertaken outside the residential environment, relatively little research includes both home and workplace neighbourhood contexts. This study utilised an existing west central Scotland survey and spatial data on PA facilities to examine whether, for working adults, there are links between access to facilities, within home and workplace neighbourhoods, and frequency of PA, and whether such associations differ by socio-economic group.
Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), home and workplace postcodes of a sub-sample of 'Transport, Health and Well-being' 2010 study respondents (n = 513) were mapped, along with public (i.e. public-sector funded) and private (i.e. private-sector funded) PA facilities (e.g. sports halls, gyms, pools etc.) within 800 m and 1600 m path/street network buffers of home and workplace postcodes. Using Analysis of Variance, associations between spatial access to PA facilities (i.e. facility counts within buffers) and self-reported PA (i.e. days being physically active in past month) were analysed. Models were run separately for access to any, public, private, and home, workplace, and home/workplace facilities. Associations were examined for all respondents, and stratified by age and income deprivation.
Respondents' PA frequency was associated with spatial access to specific types of facilities near home and near home or workplace (combined). In general, PA frequency was higher where individuals lived/worked in closer proximity to private facilities and frequency lower where individuals lived/worked nearby to public facilities. Results varied by age and income deprivation sub-groups.
This research contributes to methods exploring neighbourhood contextual influences on PA behaviour; it goes beyond a focus upon home neighbourhoods and incorporates access to workplace neighbourhood facilities. Results demonstrate the importance of examining both neighbourhood types, and such findings may feed into planning for behaviour-change interventions within both spaces.
超过三分之一的苏格兰人口不符合身体活动（PA）建议，来自贫困地区的人不符合推荐水平的比例更大。非常需要详细了解为什么有些人活跃而另一些人不活跃。已经确定，家庭社区内的特征对于促进 PA 很重要，尽管每天大约 60%的锻炼时间是在居住环境之外进行的，但相对较少的研究包括家庭和工作场所社区的情况。本研究利用苏格兰西部现有的一项调查和关于 PA 设施的空间数据，研究对于工作成年人来说，家庭和工作场所社区内的设施可达性与 PA 频率之间是否存在联系，以及这种关联是否因社会经济群体而异。
使用地理信息系统（GIS），将“交通、健康和福利”2010 年研究的子样本（n=513）的家庭和工作场所邮政编码与家庭和工作场所邮政编码 800m 和 1600m 路径/街道网络缓冲区范围内的公共（即公共部门资助）和私人（即私营部门资助）PA 设施（例如体育馆、健身房、游泳池等）进行映射。使用方差分析，分析 PA 设施空间可达性（即缓冲区中的设施数量）与自我报告的 PA（即过去一个月中身体活跃的天数）之间的关联。分别为所有受访者以及按年龄和收入贫困程度分层的任何、公共、私人、家庭、工作场所和家庭/工作场所设施的访问情况运行模型。对所有受访者和按年龄和收入贫困程度分层的受访者进行了关联分析。
受访者的 PA 频率与家庭和家庭/工作场所附近特定类型设施的空间可达性相关。一般来说，个人居住/工作的地方离私人设施越近，PA 频率越高，离公共设施越近，频率越低。结果因年龄和收入贫困亚组而异。
这项研究为探索邻里环境对 PA 行为的影响的方法做出了贡献；它不仅关注家庭社区，还包括对工作场所社区设施的访问。结果表明，检查两种邻里类型的重要性，并且这些发现可能会为这两种空间内的行为改变干预措施的规划提供依据。
